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      Padrões de respostas defensivas de congelamento associados a diferentes transtornos de ansiedade Translated title: Des patterns de comportement d'immobilisation distincts sont associés avec différents troubles anxieux Translated title: Distinct patterns of freezing behavior associated with different anxiety disorders

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          Abstract

          Embora os transtornos de ansiedade sejam tipicamente humanos, eles apresentam correlações com determinadas reações de defesa de animais em situações de perigo. Este trabalho apresenta algumas relações entre determinados padrões da resposta defensiva de congelamento e diferentes formas de transtornos de ansiedade. Em particular, destaca-se o isomorfismo entre a resposta de congelamento a estímulos contextuais associados a um estímulo aversivo e o transtorno de ansiedade generalizado. Evidências indicam também que a resposta de congelamento induzida pela estimulação elétrica da matéria cinzenta periaqueductal dorsal (MCPD) constitui um excelente modelo animal de ataque de pânico. A resposta de congelamento que surge imediatamente após estimulação da MCPD, capaz de produzir uma resposta de fuga, parece estar associada ao transtorno de pânico. Finalmente, é possível que a resposta de congelamento a estímulos previamente associados à estimulação elétrica da MCPD seja um modelo animal para o transtorno de pânico com agorafobia.

          Translated abstract

          Bien que les troubles anxieux soient propres aux humains, il est possible d'établir un parallèle entre ces troubles et les réponses défensives que les animaux présentent lorsqu'ils sont confrontés à des situations dangereuses. Dans cet article, une série d'arguments est présentée indiquant que différents patterns d'immobilisation défensive sont associés avec des troubles anxieux spécifiques. En particulier, il y a un excellent isomorphisme entre la réponse d'immobilisation aux stimuli contextuels aversives et le trouble d'anxiété généralisée. De plus, le comportement d'immobilisation déclenché directement par la stimulation de la substance grise périaqueducale dorsale (dPAG) est un excellent modèle animal d'attaque de panique. D'autre part, la réponse d'immobilisation observée après interruption de la stimulation électrique du dPAG semble associée avec le trouble panique. Finalement, l'hypothèse est proposée que l'immobilisation déclenchée par les stimuli contextuels précédemment associés avec la stimulation électrique du dPAG pourrait être mise en parallèle avec le trouble panique avec agoraphobie.

          Translated abstract

          Although anxiety disorders are exclusive to humans, it is possible to find correlation between these disorders and defensive responses that animals present when facing dangerous situations. The present article presents a series of evidence that indicate that different freezing defensive patterns might be associated with specific anxiety disorders. Particularly, there is an excellent isomorphism between freeing response to contextual stimuli associated with electrical shocks and generalized anxiety disorder. Much evidence also shows that freezing response triggered directly through the electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG) is an excellent animal model of panic attack. Moreover, freezing response observed after the interruption of the electrical stimulation of the dPAG which triggers an escape response seems to be associated with panic disorder. Finally, it is hypothesized that freezing to contextual stimuli previously associated with intense electrical stimulation of the dPAG might be related to panic disorder with agoraphobia.

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          Most cited references61

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          Conditioned and unconditional components of post-shock freezing.

          M Fanselow (2015)
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            Conditioned fear as revealed by magnitude of startle response to an auditory stimulus.

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              Effects of amygdala, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray lesions on short- and long-term contextual fear.

              The effects of amygdala, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray (PAG) lesions on contextual fear conditioning in rats were examined. Freezing behavior served as the measure of conditioning. Unlesioned control animals showed reliable conditional freezing in the testing chamber when observed both immediately and 24 hr after footshocks. In contrast, rats with amygdala or ventral PAG lesions exhibited a significant attenuation in freezing both immediately and 24 hr after the shocks. Dorsal PAG lesions had no effect on freezing at either time. Animals with hippocampal lesions displayed robust freezing behavior immediately following the shock, even though they showed a marked deficit in freezing 24 hr after the shock. These results indicate that there are anatomically dissociable short- and long-term conditional fear states.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                psicousp
                Psicologia USP
                Psicol. USP
                Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo )
                1678-5177
                December 2006
                : 17
                : 4
                : 175-192
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Pontíficia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro
                [2 ] Universidade Estácio de Sá
                [3 ] Universidade de Brasília
                [4 ] Universidade de São Paulo
                Article
                S1678-51772006000400010
                f6912e4e-eab3-4041-9f16-503b1952e40b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History

                Modèles animaux d'anxiété,Réponse d'immobilisation,Trouble d'anxiété généralisée,Trouble panique sans agoraphobie,Trouble panique avec agoraphobie,Animal models of anxiety,Freezing response,Generalized anxiety disorder,Panic disorder without agoraphobia,Panic disorder with agoraphobia,Modelos animais de ansiedade,Resposta de congelamento,Transtorno de ansiedade generalizada,Transtorno do pânico sem agorafobia,Transtorno do pânico com agorafobia

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