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      Interleukin-2 Receptor Serum Concentrations in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia

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          Abstract

          The purpose of this research was to assess interleukin-2 receptor serum levels in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Sera from 90 healthy pregnant women (30 for each trimester), 30 with pre-eclampsia and a group of 30 healthy non-pregnant were analyzed. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor was measured by specific double antibody enzymatic immunoassay (ELISA). Results were: 267.5 ± 12.3 (mean ± s.e.m) pg/mL in the uncomplicated first trimestre sample, 300.9 ± 14.5 pg/mL in the second trimester and 248.8 ± 12.5 pg/mL in the third. The non-pregnant control group had 443.7 ± 39.6 pg/mL, significantly different from normal pregnancy in all trimesters (p < 0.001). The concentration in pre-eclamptic patients was 382.2 ± 24.2 pg/mL, with p < 0.01 with regard to the normal third trimester group. The conclusion is that interleukin-2 receptor serum levels diminish in normal pregnancy and rise in preeclampsia. The first finding seems to be a protective mechanism to the fetal allograft. The latter, point to increased cellular activity.

          Translated abstract

          El propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar las concentraciones séricas del receptor soluble de la Interleucina-2 (IL-2) en embarazo normal y en pre-eclampsia. Se analizó suero de 30 mujeres sanas no embarazadas, 90 embarazadas normales: 30 de cada trimestre y 30 pacientes con pre-eclampsia. Las concentraciones del receptor se midieron siguiendo una técnica de inmunoanálisis enzimático de doble anticuerpo (ELISA). En las embarazadas no complicadas fueron: 267,5 ± 12,3 pg/mL (media ± error estándar) en el primer trimestre; 300,9 ± 14,5 pg/mL en el segundo; y 248,8 ± 12,5 pg/mL en el tercero. En el grupo de no embarazadas los niveles fueron de 443,7 ± 39,6 pg/mL, significativamente diferentes de los tres grupos de embarazo normal (p < 0,001). En pre-eclámpticas fueron de 382,2 ± 24,2 pg/mL, con p < 0,01 en comparación con el tercer trimestre de embarazo normal. Se concluye que las concentraciones séricas del receptor soluble de IL-2 disminuyen en los tres trimestres del embarazo normal y se elevan en pre-eclampsia. Lo primero parece ser una respuesta protectora del aloinjerto fetal; lo último representa un incremento en la actividad celular.

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          Most cited references40

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          Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon?

          Pregnant females are susceptible to intracellular pathogens and are biased towards humoral rather than cell-mediated immunity. Since TH1 cytokines compromise pregnancy and TH2 cytokines are produced at the maternal-fetal interface, we hypothesize that these TH2 cytokines inhibit TH1 responses, improving fetal survival but impairing responses against some pathogens.
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            Etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia: current concepts.

            The etiology of preeclampsia is unknown. At present, 4 hypotheses are the subject of extensive investigation, as follows: (1) Placental ischemia-Increased trophoblast deportation, as a consequence of ischemia, may inflict endothelial cell dysfunction. (2) Very low-density lipoprotein versus toxicity-preventing activity-In compensation for increased energy demand during pregnancy, nonesterified fatty acids are mobilized. In women with low albumin concentrations, transporting extra nonesterified fatty acids from adipose tissues to the liver is likely to reduce albumin's antitoxic activity to a point at which very-low density lipoprotein toxicity is expressed. (3) Immune maladaptation-Interaction between decidual leukocytes and invading cytotrophoblast cells is essential for normal trophoblast invasion and development. Immune maladaptation may cause shallow invasion of spiral arteries by endovascular cytotrophoblast cells and endothelial cell dysfunction mediated by an increased decidual release of cytokines, proteolytic enzymes, and free radical species. (4) Genetic imprinting-Development of preeclampsia-eclampsia may be based on a single recessive gene or a dominant gene with incomplete penetrance. Penetrance may be dependent on fetal genotype. The possibility of genetic imprinting should be considered in future genetic investigations of preeclampsia.
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              Placental bed spiral arteries in the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

              The investigation of the histology of the placental bed spiral arteries in normal pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by hypertension, with or without proteinura. An observational study, based on women having caesarean sections for clinical reasons. 17 normal pregnant women, 43 with gestational hypertension, of whom 39 had proteinuria, 17 with chronic hypertension, of whom 6 had proteinuria, and 5 with unclassified hypertension. Placental bed biopsies obtained during caesarean section. Histological appearance of sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin PAS and Lendrum's MSB. Biopsies containing spiral arteries were obtained from 6 normotensive and 44 hypertensive women. Trophoblastic invasion was present in 5 of the 6 normotensive biopsies but absent in the majority of those with hypertension. Subintimal proliferation was seen in all the normotensive biopsies but in only 8 of 28 from those with gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Other features seen predominantly or only in the hypertensive biopsies, in order of frequency, were medial hyperplasia, fibrin deposits, acute atherosis, endothelial vacuolation and thrombosis. Absence of physiological changes may not be peculiar to preeclampsia but may be associated or even a result of various forms of hypertension in pregnancy. Spiral arteries show a spectrum of changes in hypertensive pregnancies that do not appear to bear a clear-cut relation to the clinical signs.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ic
                Investigación Clínica
                Invest. clín
                Universidad del Zulia (Maracaibo )
                0535-5133
                April 2002
                : 43
                : 2
                : 73-78
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad del Zulia Venezuela
                [2 ] Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales Venezuela
                [3 ] Universidad del Zulia Venezuela
                Article
                S0535-51332002000200003
                f6a6796e-ebf3-4f13-be29-9c99cafdb153

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0535-5133&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

                Medicine
                Cytokines,interleukin-2,interleukin-2 soluble receptor,pre-eclampsia,pregnancy,Citocinas,embarazo,interleucina-2,receptor soluble de Interleucina-2,preeclampsia

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