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      Métodos de Mapeamento Digital do Solo para monitorização de parâmetros edáficos (Sentinel-2 e VANT) de suporte à conservação do solo e gestão hídrica em parcelas de vinha Translated title: Digital Soil Mapping methods for monitoring edaphic parameters (Sentinel-2 and UAV) to support soil conservation and water management in vineyard plots

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          Abstract

          Resumo O solo constitui um recurso natural complexo e central para a produção agrícola e a qualidade ambiental dos agroecossistemas. O mapeamento e modelação detalhada das propriedades do solo por deteção remota permitem desenvolver ferramentas e conhecimento úteis para uma agricultura sustentável e responsável. Neste contexto, recolheram-se dados multiespectrais a partir do Sentinel-2 e de um veículo aéreo não tripulado (VANT), com sensor multiespectral RedEdge-MX acoplado. Desenvolveu-se um modelo digital de elevação (3D) para uma parcela de vinha na Região Demarcada dos Vinhos Verdes (Ponte de Lima, NW Portugal). A análise da superfície 3D e das bandas permitiu a produção de índices microtopográficos, litológicos, micro(bio)climáticos e edáficos espacialmente explícitos. Estes índices permitem, entre outros, representar e analisar a altitude, declive, exposição ao vento, carga térmica, evaporação de água do solo, albedo, carbonatos, óxidos de ferro e tipo de rocha. A integração dos dados obtidos neste trabalho com as análises ao solo realizadas pelo Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (2022), permitem a validação dos resultados e auxiliam nas decisões e ações operacionais de conservação do solo e de gestão hídrica em parcelas de vinha.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Soil is a complex and central natural resource for agricultural production and the environmental quality of agroecosystems. The mapping and detailed modeling of soil properties by remote sensing allow the development of useful tools and knowledge for sustainable and responsible agriculture. In this context, multispectral data were collected from Sentinel-2 and from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), with a RedEdge-MX multispectral sensor coupled. A digital elevation model (3D) was developed for a vineyard plot in the Demarcated Region of Vinhos Verdes (Ponte de Lima, NW Portugal). The analysis of the 3D surface and the bands allowed the production of spatially explicit microtopographic, lithological, micro(bio)climatic and edaphic indices. These indices allow, among others, to represent and analyze altitude, slope, exposure to wind, thermal load, soil water evaporation, albedo, carbonates, iron oxides and rock type. The integration of the data obtained in this work with the soil analyzes carried out by the Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (2022), allows the validation of the results and helps in the decisions and operational actions of soil conservation and water management in vineyard plots.

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          Most cited references18

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          Climate change, wine, and conservation.

          Climate change is expected to impact ecosystems directly, such as through shifting climatic controls on species ranges, and indirectly, for example through changes in human land use that may result in habitat loss. Shifting patterns of agricultural production in response to climate change have received little attention as a potential impact pathway for ecosystems. Wine grape production provides a good test case for measuring indirect impacts mediated by changes in agriculture, because viticulture is sensitive to climate and is concentrated in Mediterranean climate regions that are global biodiversity hotspots. Here we demonstrate that, on a global scale, the impacts of climate change on viticultural suitability are substantial, leading to possible conservation conflicts in land use and freshwater ecosystems. Area suitable for viticulture decreases 25% to 73% in major wine producing regions by 2050 in the higher RCP 8.5 concentration pathway and 19% to 62% in the lower RCP 4.5. Climate change may cause establishment of vineyards at higher elevations that will increase impacts on upland ecosystems and may lead to conversion of natural vegetation as production shifts to higher latitudes in areas such as western North America. Attempts to maintain wine grape productivity and quality in the face of warming may be associated with increased water use for irrigation and to cool grapes through misting or sprinkling, creating potential for freshwater conservation impacts. Agricultural adaptation and conservation efforts are needed that anticipate these multiple possible indirect effects.
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            Evaluation of the potential of the current and forthcoming multispectral and hyperspectral imagers to estimate soil texture and organic carbon

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              Soil-related terroir factors: a review

              A “terroir” is a cultivated ecosystem in which the vine interacts with the soil and the climate. The soil influences vine development and grape ripening through soil temperature, water supply and mineral supply. Soil temperature has a significant effect on vine phenology. Limited water supply to the vines restricts shoot and berry growth, which is critical for reaching a suitable grape composition to produce high-quality red wines. Secondary metabolites, like polyphenols (anthocyanins, tannins) and aroma compounds or their precursors, are impacted in particular by vine water status. Among nutrients vines pick up from the soil, nitrogen plays a key role. Nitrogen influences vine vigor, yield, berry size and grape composition. Low nitrogen supply stimulates the synthesis of polyphenols, while it can negatively impact certain aroma compounds in grapes and wines. Over the past decades, tools have been developed to quantify terroir parameters. Vine water status can be assessed by means of carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar (so-called δ13C). Vine nitrogen status can be assessed with the measurement of Yeast Available Nitrogen (YAN). In this way, terroir parameters can not only be measured but also mapped. Ideally, vineyards should be established in areas where soil temperature (relative to air temperature), soil water holding capacity (relative to rainfall and potential evapotranspiration) and soil nitrogen availability are optimum for the type of wine which is intended to be produced. Terroir expression can, however, be optimized by choosing appropriate plant material, and via vineyard floor management, fertilization and other management techniques.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rca
                Revista de Ciências Agrárias
                Rev. de Ciências Agrárias
                Sociedade de Ciências Agrárias de Portugal (Lisboa, , Portugal )
                0871-018X
                December 2022
                : 45
                : 4
                : 541-550
                Affiliations
                [1] Viana do Castelo orgnameInstituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo orgdiv1Escola Superior Agrária de Ponte de Lima Portugal
                [3] Viana do Castelo orgnameCentro de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Sistemas Agroalimentares e Sustentabilidade Portugal
                [2] Viana do Castelo orgnameproMetheus orgdiv1Unidade de Investigação & Desenvolvimento em Materiais, Energia e Ambiente para a Sustentabilidade Portugal
                [4] Viana do Castelo orgnameQuinta do Ameal Portugal
                Article
                S0871-018X2022000300541 S0871-018X(22)04500400541
                10.19084/rca.28535
                f7405102-f4e5-4ec3-b306-88bcad29bc9f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 10
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                SciELO Portugal

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                Sentinel-2,mapping,sustainable agriculture,UAV,propriedades do solo,mapeamento,agricultura sustentável,VANT,soil properties

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