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      Antropología Física en función de las ciencias médicas: una necesidad de estos tiempos Translated title: Physical anthropology for medical sciences: a need in current times

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: El sistema de conocimientos de Antropología Física responde a especialidades médicas como la Anatomía Humana y la Medicina Legal. En Cuba estas especialidades médicas no cuentan con la profundidad y superación profesional adecuada que permita el uso práctico de estos conocimientos. Objetivo: Caracterizar el entrenamiento de posgrado “Osteología y Odontología en función de la identificación humana”, realizado en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas entre enero y marzo de 2020. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. La población estuvo compuesta por 25 cursistas, especialistas en Medicina Legal y Anatomía Humana. Se consideraron variables como programa de estudio, categoría docente de los participantes, satisfacción con su desarrollo y resultados de la promoción docente. Para las indagaciones empíricas se aplicó la técnica de PNI como parte de la valoración general del curso. Resultados: El curso se impartió durante 56 horas en 7 semanas. Como parte de sus logros se realizó la clasificación y caracterización antropológica de una parte de la osamenta de la Osteoteca de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, así como la ampliación de esta mediante una sección de Antropología Física que incorporó seis cadáveres completos caracterizados antropológicamente. Conclusiones: Este entrenamiento permitió adiestrar y actualizar a los cursistas sobre la identificación humana, a partir del estudio de los restos óseos referentes a la expresión cualitativa y cuantitativa de los caracteres morfológicos, que responden a las necesidades de la práctica docente en anatomía y la asistencia médico legal.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: The knowledge system of Physical Anthropology responds to medical specialties such as Human Anatomy and Legal Medicine. In Cuba, these medical specialties do not have adequate depth and professional improvement that allows the practical use of this knowledge. Objective: To characterize the training about osteology and dental medicine in view of human identification, carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas between January and March 2020. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population consisted of 25 trainees, specialists in Legal Medicine and Human Anatomy. Some variables were considered, such as study program, teaching category of the participants, satisfaction with their development and results of teaching promotion. For the empirical inquiries, the positive-negative-interesting technique was applied as part of the general assessment of the course. Results: The course lasted 56 hours distributed in seven weeks. As part of its achievements, the anthropological classification and characterization of a part of the materials from the bone collection of the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas was carried out, as well as its expansion through a physical anthropology section that incorporated six complete corpses anthropologically characterized. Conclusions: This training allowed to train and update the students on human identification, based on the study of bone remains referring to the qualitative and quantitative expression of morphological characters, which respond to the needs of teaching practice in Anatomy, as well as in legal-medical assistance.

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          Skeletal age determination based on the os pubis: A comparison of the Acsádi-Nemeskéri and Suchey-Brooks methods

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            A revised method of sexing the human innominate using Phenice's nonmetric traits and statistical methods.

            The traits of the pubis described by Phenice (Am J Phys Anthropol 30 (1969) 297-302) have been used extensively by physical anthropologist for sex estimation. This study investigates all three of Phenice's characteristics in an approach similar to Walker's (Am J Phys Anthropol 136 (2008) 39-50) study using observations from the cranium and mandible. The ventral arc, the subpubic contour, and the medial aspect of the ischio-pubic ramus were scored on a five-point ordinal scale from a sample of 310 adult, left innominates of known ancestry and sex from the Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection and the W.M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. Four observers with varying levels of experience blindly scored each trait using new descriptions and illustrations adapted from those originally created by Phenice. The scores were then analyzed with ordinal logistic regression. Using all three traits for sex classification, the mean correct classification rate was 94.5% cross-validated for experienced observers. Intra- and interobserver error in trait scoring was low for all three traits and agreement levels ranged from moderate to substantial. Tests of the method on an independent validation sample provided a classification accuracy of 86.2%. This revision of the Phenice (Am J Phys Anthropol 30 (1969) 297-302) technique is a reliable and valid method of sex estimation from the human innominate that meets the Daubert criteria for court admissibility.
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              Educación basada en competencias

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ems
                Educación Médica Superior
                Educ Med Super
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0864-2141
                1561-2902
                December 2021
                : 35
                : 4
                : e2584
                Affiliations
                [2] Matanzas orgnameHospital Universitario “Comandante Faustino Pérez” orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Legal Cuba
                [1] Matanzas orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas orgdiv1Cátedra de Antropología Física “Manuel F. Rivero de la Calle” Cuba
                Article
                S0864-21412021000400005 S0864-2141(21)03500400005
                f7454236-a2eb-49e6-85e0-f2de1c23df1e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 July 2020
                : 18 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTICULOS ORIGINALES

                Physical Anthropology,Medicina Legal,Antropología Física,Anatomy,Legal Medicine,Anatomía

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