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      Eficacia de la atorvastatina en el tratamiento de las dislipemias refractarias Translated title: Efficacy of the atorvastatin in the treatment of refractory dyslipidaemias

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          Abstract

          Fundamentos: la aplicación de los estudios clínicos en la práctica diaria puede evidenciar diferencias con los resultados preliminares realizados bajo condiciones estándar. Objetivos: evaluar la eficacia de la atorvastatina en pacientes con dislipemia refractarios a otros tratamientos hipolipemiantes. Evaluar alteraciones analíticas secundarias. Diseño, material y métodos: estudio clínico prospectivo tipo antes-después, realizado en un Área Básica de Salud urbana, sobre una muestra consecutiva de 43 pacientes con hipercolesterolemia en quienes había constatación del fracaso previo de otros hipolipemiantes. Sustituimos el tratamiento previo e inmediatamente prescribimos atorvastatina (10 mg/día) durante doce meses, evaluándose colesterol total, LDL y triglicéridos antes y después del tratamiento. Determinamos función hepática, renal, enzimas musculares, coagulación y fibrinógeno. Realizamos análisis estadístico mediante t de Student para datos pareados, considerando diferencias significativas si p<0,05. Resultados: los resultados principales observados muestran reducción en niveles de colesterol total de 83,4 mg/dl (IC 95%:±13,3), en LDL-colesterol de 65,8 mg/dl (IC 95%:±11,2) (diferencias significativas en ambos); en triglicéridos y fibrinógeno no existen diferencias significativas. En ningún caso observamos diferencias significativas en parámetros hepáticos, renales y musculares. Conclusiones: la atorvastatina, a dosis bajas, es altamente eficaz para reducir parámetros lipídicos en pacientes refractarios a otros hipolipemiantes. Este estudio muestra una disminución suplementaria del 31,6% del LDL-colesterol respecto a las cifras previas tras otros tratamientos. Aunque faltan estudios sobre reducción de mortalidad en pacientes con dislipemia, la atorvastatina podría convertirse en un fármaco de primera línea en el manejo terapéutico de la subpoblación de pacientes con hiperlipidemia refractarios a otros tratamientos, especialmente otras estatinas. Destacamos que, a esta dosis, no evidenciamos ningún efecto secundario clínico ni analítico.

          Translated abstract

          Background: the application of the clinical studies in the daily practice could evidence differences with the preliminary results carried out under standard conditions. Objectives: evaluating the efficacy of the atorvastatin in patients with refractory dislipemia to other hypolipemiants treatments. Evaluating analytic secondary alterations. Design, material and methods: clinical prospective study type before-later, carried out in a Basic Area of urban Health, on one serial sample of 43 patients with hypercholesterolaemia in whom there was verification of the previous failure of other hypolipemiant drug. We substituted the previous treatment and we immediately prescribed atorvastatin (10 mg/ day) for twelve months, evaluating total cholesterol, LDL and trigliycerides before and after the treatment. We determined hepatic function, renal, muscular enzymes, clotting and fibrinogen. We carried out statistical analysis by means of t of Student for data rhyming couplets, considering significant differences if p< 0.05. Results: the main observed results show reduction in levels of total cholesterol of 83.4 mg/dl (IC 95%: ±13.3), in LDL-cholesterol of 65.8 mg/ dl (IC 95%: ±11.2) (significant differences in both); in triglycerides and fibrinogen doesn't exist significant differences. We did not observe significant differences in hepatic, renal and muscular parameters in any case. Conclusions: the atorvastatin, to low dose, is highly effective in order to reduce lipidicals parameters in refractory patients to other hypolipemiants. This study shows a supplementary decrease of the 31.6% of the LDL-cholesterol concerning the previous figures after other treatments. Although studies on reduction of mortality in dislipidemics lack, the atorvastatin could be converted in a first line drug in the therapeutic handling of the subpoblation of patients with refractory hyperlipidemia, especially other inhibitors of HMG-CoA. We highlighted that, to this dose, we didn't evidence no secondary clinical neither analytic effect.

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          Most cited references25

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          Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)

          Drug therapy for hypercholesterolaemia has remained controversial mainly because of insufficient clinical trial evidence for improved survival. The present trial was designed to evaluate the effect of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin on mortality and morbidity in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). 4444 patients with angina pectoris or previous myocardial infarction and serum cholesterol 5.5-8.0 mmol/L on a lipid-lowering diet were randomised to double-blind treatment with simvastatin or placebo. Over the 5.4 years median follow-up period, simvastatin produced mean changes in total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol of -25%, -35%, and +8%, respectively, with few adverse effects. 256 patients (12%) in the placebo group died, compared with 182 (8%) in the simvastatin group. The relative risk of death in the simvastatin group was 0.70 (95% CI 0.58-0.85, p = 0.0003). The 6-year probabilities of survival in the placebo and simvastatin groups were 87.6% and 91.3%, respectively. There were 189 coronary deaths in the placebo group and 111 in the simvastatin group (relative risk 0.58, 95% CI 0.46-0.73), while noncardiovascular causes accounted for 49 and 46 deaths, respectively. 622 patients (28%) in the placebo group and 431 (19%) in the simvastatin group had one or more major coronary events. The relative risk was 0.66 (95% CI 0.59-0.75, p < 0.00001), and the respective probabilities of escaping such events were 70.5% and 79.6%. This risk was also significantly reduced in subgroups consisting of women and patients of both sexes aged 60 or more. Other benefits of treatment included a 37% reduction (p < 0.00001) in the risk of undergoing myocardial revascularisation procedures. This study shows that long-term treatment with simvastatin is safe and improves survival in CHD patients.
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            Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (the CURVES study)

            The objective of this multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, 8-week study was to evaluate the comparative dose efficacy of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor atorvastatin 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg compared with simvastatin 10, 20, and 40 mg, pravastatin 10, 20, and 40 mg, lovastatin 20, 40, and 80 mg, and fluvastatin 20 and 40 mg. Investigators enrolled 534 hypercholesterolemic patients (low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol > or = 160 mg/dl [4.2 mmol/L] and triglycerides < or = 400 mg/dl [4.5 mmol/L]). The efficacy end points were mean percent change in plasma LDL cholesterol (primary), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations from baseline to the end of treatment (week 8). Atorvastatin 10, 20, and 40 mg produced greater (p < or = 0.01) reductions in LDL cholesterol, -38%, -46%, and -51%, respectively, than the milligram equivalent doses of simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin. Atorvastatin 10 mg produced LDL cholesterol reductions comparable to or greater than (p < or = 0.02) simvastatin 10, 20, and 40 mg, pravastatin 10, 20, and 40 mg, lovastatin 20 and 40 mg, and fluvastatin 20 and 40 mg. Atorvastatin 10, 20, and 40 mg produced greater (p < or = 0.01) reductions in total cholesterol than the milligram equivalent doses of simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin. All reductase inhibitors studied had similar tolerability. There were no incidences of persistent elevations in serum transaminases or myositis.
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              Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS). A population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerotic progression in carotid and femoral arteries.

              The atherosclerotic progression-reducing effect of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering has been established in subjects with severe atherosclerotic disease but not in persons with elevated LDL cholesterols without severe atherosclerosis. KAPS (Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study) is the first population-based trial in the primary prevention of carotid and femoral atherosclerosis. The eligibility requirements were serum LDL-C > or = 4.0 mmol/L and total cholesterol < 7.5 mmol/L. Out of a geographically defined population, 447 men aged 44 to 65 years (mean, 57) were randomized to pravastatin (40 mg/d) or placebo for 3 years. Less than 10% of the subjects had prior myocardial infarction. Thirty-nine men discontinued study medication; however, efficacy data were available for 424 men. The primary outcome was the rate of carotid atherosclerotic progression, measured as the linear slope over annual ultrasound examinations in the average of the maximum carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) of the far wall of up to four arterial segments (the right and left distal common carotid artery and the right and left carotid bulb). For the carotid arteries, at the overall mean baseline IMT of 1.66 mm, the rate of progression of carotid atherosclerosis was 45% (95% CI, 16 to 69%) less in the pravastatin (0.017 mm/y) than the placebo (0.031 mm/y) group (P = .005). In the common carotid artery there was a treatment effect of 66% (95% CI, 30 to 95%; pravastatin 0.010 mm/y; placebo 0.029 mm/y; P < .002) at the overall mean baseline IMT of 1.35 mm. A treatment effect of 30% (95% CI, -1% to 54%) was found for the carotid bulb (pravastatin, 0.028; placebo, 0.040; P = .056) at the overall mean baseline IMT of 2.0 mm. The treatment effect was larger in subjects with higher baseline IMT values, in smokers and in those with low plasma vitamin E levels. There was no significant treatment effect on atherosclerotic progression in the femoral arteries. These data establish the antiatherogenic effect of LDL-C lowering by pravastatin in hypercholesterolemic men in a primary prevention setting and suggest a greater effect in smokers than in nonsmokers.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                medif
                Medifam
                Medifam
                Arán Ediciones, S. L. (, , Spain )
                1131-5768
                February 2001
                : 11
                : 2
                : 43-54
                Affiliations
                [02] Tarragona orgnameDirección de Atención Primaria Tarragona-Valls
                [01] Tarragona orgnameArea Básica de Salud La Granja
                Article
                S1131-57682001000200003
                10.4321/s1131-57682001000200003
                f7635816-7aa0-4268-b80f-eb0bf864d2cd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 12
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                SciELO Spain


                Atorvastatina,Dislipemias,Efectividad,Atorvastatin,Hyperlipidemics,Effectiveness

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