Analysis of cytokines and trace elements in children with febrile seizures

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Abstract

Background

Febrile seizure (FS) is a common neurological condition in children and affects 2–5% of cases of fever. FS occurs with temperature >38 °C without symptoms of central nervous system infection, severe electrolyte imbalance, or clear cause.

Methods

From June 2018 to December 2019, 65 children with FS, and 60 children with acute upper respiratory tract infections without seizures who were admitted to the pediatric department, and 60 healthy children as the control group were selected for the study. The serum iron (SI), serum calcium (SC), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the two groups of children were detected. The FS group was further divided into simple FS (SFS) and complex FS (CFS).

Results

The duration of fever in the FS group was significantly longer than in the control group (P<0.05). The SC and SI levels of the FS group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The SC and SI levels of the CFS group were also lower than those of the SFS group (P<0.05), and the IL-6 levels of the CFS group were significantly higher than in the SFS group (P<0.05).

Conclusions

A decrease in the levels of SI, and SC and an increase of IL-6 were closely related to the occurrence of FS, suggesting that clinical attention should be paid to monitoring changes of SI, SC and IL-6 levels in children with FS. As the levels of SI and SC decrease, the frequency of possible seizures may increase. Care should be taken to correct electrolyte disorders in time.

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Most cited references 39

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The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.

Daniel Drucker, Michael A. Nauck (2006)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a gut-derived incretin hormone that stimulates insulin and suppresses glucagon secretion, inhibits gastric emptying, and reduces appetite and food intake. Therapeutic approaches for enhancing incretin action include degradation-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretin mimetics), and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity (incretin enhancers). Clinical trials with the incretin mimetic exenatide (two injections per day or long-acting release form once weekly) and liraglutide (one injection per day) show reductions in fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations, and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (1-2%), associated with weight loss (2-5 kg). The most common adverse event associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists is mild nausea, which lessens over time. Orally administered DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, reduce HbA1c by 0.5-1.0%, with few adverse events and no weight gain. These new classes of antidiabetic agents, and incretin mimetics and enhancers, also expand beta-cell mass in preclinical studies. However, long-term clinical studies are needed to determine the benefits of targeting the incretin axis for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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Neurodiagnostic evaluation of the child with a simple febrile seizure.

, (2011)

To formulate evidence-based recommendations for health care professionals about the diagnosis and evaluation of a simple febrile seizure in infants and young children 6 through 60 months of age and to revise the practice guideline published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 1996. This review included search and analysis of the medical literature published since the last version of the guideline. Physicians with expertise and experience in the fields of neurology and epilepsy, pediatrics, epidemiology, and research methodologies constituted a subcommittee of the AAP Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management. The steering committee and other groups within the AAP and organizations outside the AAP reviewed the guideline. The subcommittee member who reviewed the literature for the 1996 AAP practice guidelines searched for articles published since the last guideline through 2009, supplemented by articles submitted by other committee members. Results from the literature search were provided to the subcommittee members for review. Interventions of direct interest included lumbar puncture, electroencephalography, blood studies, and neuroimaging. Multiple issues were raised and discussed iteratively until consensus was reached about recommendations. The strength of evidence supporting each recommendation and the strength of the recommendation were assessed by the committee member most experienced in informatics and epidemiology and graded according to AAP policy. Clinicians evaluating infants or young children after a simple febrile seizure should direct their attention toward identifying the cause of the child's fever. Meningitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for any febrile child, and lumbar puncture should be performed if there are clinical signs or symptoms of concern. For any infant between 6 and 12 months of age who presents with a seizure and fever, a lumbar puncture is an option when the child is considered deficient in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) or Streptococcus pneumoniae immunizations (ie, has not received scheduled immunizations as recommended), or when immunization status cannot be determined, because of an increased risk of bacterial meningitis. A lumbar puncture is an option for children who are pretreated with antibiotics. In general, a simple febrile seizure does not usually require further evaluation, specifically electroencephalography, blood studies, or neuroimaging.

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Crystal structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 in complex with a substrate analog.

F C Wiberg, S Branner, Nicolai Wagtmann … (2002)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV/CD26) is a multifunctional type II transmembrane serine peptidase. This enzyme contributes to the regulation of various physiological processes, including blood sugar homeostasis, by cleaving peptide hormones, chemokines and neuropeptides. We have determined the 2.5 A structure of the extracellular region of DPP-IV in complex with the inhibitor valine-pyrrolidide. The catalytic site is located in a large cavity formed between the alpha/beta-hydrolase domain and an eight-bladed beta-propeller domain. Both domains participate in inhibitor binding. The structure indicates how substrate specificity is achieved and reveals a new and unexpected opening to the active site.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Transl Pediatr

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Transl Pediatr

Journal ID (publisher-id): TP

Title: Translational Pediatrics

Publisher: AME Publishing Company

ISSN (Print): 2224-4336

ISSN (Electronic): 2224-4344

Publication date (Print and electronic): December 2020

Publication date (Print): December 2020

Volume: 9

Issue: 6

Pages: 809-817

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Pediatrics, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, China;

[2 ]Department of Orthopedics, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, China

Author notes

Contributions: (I) Conception and design: R Chen; (II) Administrative support: A Kang; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: S Li; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: X Wang; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: J Zhou, Y Lu; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.

Correspondence to: Aijian Kang. Department of Pediatrics, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 399 Century Avenue, Nantong 226000, China. Email: ntznkaj@ 123456sina.com .

Article

Publisher ID: tp-09-06-809

DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-398

PMC ID: 7804487

PubMed ID: 33457303

SO-VID: f7a94bbb-b8b2-400d-babd-5c18898426d9

License:

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

History

Date received : 30 October 2020

Date accepted : 08 December 2020

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Analysis of cytokines and trace elements in children with febrile seizures

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Abstract

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Results

Conclusions

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Trace Elements and Electrolytes

Most cited references 39

The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.

Neurodiagnostic evaluation of the child with a simple febrile seizure.

Crystal structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 in complex with a substrate analog.

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