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      Causas de muerte en una cohorte de diabéticos tipo 2 de Costa Rica y la calidad de su certificado de defunción Translated title: Causes of Death In A Diabetic Population Of Costa Rica And The Quality Of Their Death Certificates

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          Abstract

          Justificación y Objetivo: En América Latina la diabetes ocasiona la muerte de 45.000 personas cada año. Es probable que las cifras reales se acerquen a los 300.000 debido a los problemas que existen de subregistro como causa de muerte. En Costa Rica, que posee la tasa más baja según la OPS, se incrementaría en un 56% si se considerasen las muertes por enfermedades cardiovasculares de personas con diabetes. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las causas de muerte en una población diabética costarricense y la calidad de su certificado de defunción. Metodología: Se analizó la causa de muerte de 101 personas fallecidas de una cohorte de 572 personas diabéticas, utilizando los diagnósticos de los certificados de defunción emitidos por los médicos y los diagnósticos finales recodificados del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo de Costa Rica (INEC) para las estadísticas vitales del país la calidad del certificado se analizó comparando estos dos registros y el subregistro del diagnóstico de diabetes en patologías asociadas con la DM y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Resultados: Según el INEC las causas de muerte se distribuyeron en un 24% para las enfermedades cardiovasculares, 23% para las neoplasias y 24% para las complicaciones de la diabetes. La diabetes se omitió en el certificado de defunción de las personas diabéticas en más del 50%, ni siquiera fue reprobada como causa secundaria. Las causas de muerte del certificado de defunción emitido por los médicos coincidieron solo en un 66% con las del INEC. Conclusión: La omisión de la diabetes como causa de muerte o causa secundaria en los certificados de defunción conlleva a una subestimación de su importancia en las estadísticas vitales del país. El que no se consideren las causas secundarias en las estadísticas vitales también contribuye a esta subestimación. El análisis de las causas secundarias en las estadísticas vitales y una mejor educación de los médicos para aumentar la conciencia de la importancia de su inclusión en el certificado de defunción contribuiría a medir el impacto de la diabetes como causa de muerte sobretodo asociada a la enfermedad cardiovascular; esto permitiría visualizar a la DM como una prioridad en la salud pública de Costa Rica.

          Translated abstract

          Background and aim: In Latin America, diabetes kills 45,000 people every year. It is likely that the actual figures are closer to 300,000 because of underreporting problems that exist in the cause of death. In Costa Rica, which has the lowest rate according to PAHO, this would increase by 56% if deaths from cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes were considered. This study aimed to recall the causes of death in a diabetic population of Costa Rica and the quality of their death certificates. Methods: We analyzed the cause of death of 101 people that died of a cohort of 572 diabetics, using the diagnoses of death certificates issued by doctors and the final diagnoses recoded by the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica (INEC). The quality of the death certificates were analyzed by comparing these two sources of basic death causes and the percentage of under- diagnosis of diabetes in pathologies associated with diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Results: According to the INEC, causes of death were distributed: 24% for cardiovascular diseases, 23% for neoplasms and 24% for complications of diabetes. Diabetes was omitted in over 50% of the death certificates; it was not even mentioned as a secondary cause. The basic cause of death of the death certificates issued by doctors matched only in 66% with those of the INEC. Conclusion: The omission of diabetes as a cause of death or as a secondary cause in the death certificates leads to an underestimation of its importance in the countries’ vital statistics. Diabetes as a secondary cause is disregarded in vital statistics, contributing also to this underestimation. Analysis of secondary causes in vital statistics and better education of physicians to increase awareness of the importance of the inclusion of diabetes as a death cause in the death certificate would help to see better the impact of diabetes as a cause of death, especially associated with cardiovascular disease; this would visualize diabetes as a priority in public health in Costa Rica.

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          Most cited references43

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          Mortality and causes of death in the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes.

          We aimed to examine the mortality rates, excess mortality and causes of death in diabetic patients from ten centres throughout the world. A mortality follow-up of 4713 WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes (WHO MSVDD) participants from ten centres was carried out, causes of death were ascertained and age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated by centre, sex and type of diabetes. Excess mortality, compared with the background population, was assessed in terms of standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for each of the 10 cohorts. Cardiovascular disease was the most common underlying cause of death, accounting for 44 % of deaths in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and 52 % of deaths in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Renal disease accounted for 21% of deaths in Type I diabetes and 11% in Type II diabetes. For Type I diabetes, all-cause mortality rates were highest in Berlin men and Warsaw women, and lowest in London men and Zagreb women. For Type II diabetes, rates were highest in Warsaw men and Oklahoma women and lowest in Tokyo men and women. Age adjusted mortality rates and SMRs were generally higher in patients with Type I diabetes compared with those with Type II diabetes. Men and women in the Tokyo cohort had a very low excess mortality when compared with the background population. This study confirms the importance of cardiovascular disease as the major cause of death in people with both types of diabetes. The low excess mortality in the Japanese cohort could have implications for the possible reduction of the burden of mortality associated with diabetes in other parts of the world.
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            Influence of diabetes and hyperglycaemia on infectious disease hospitalisation and outcome.

            Diabetes mellitus is believed to increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. The effects of hyperglycaemia per se on infectious disease risk are unknown and the influence of diabetes on infectious disease outcome is controversial. We studied 10,063 individuals from the Danish general population, who were participants in The Copenhagen City Heart Study, over a follow-up period of 7 years. Risk of hospitalisation caused by any infectious disease, and subsequent risk of disease progression to death were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. At baseline, 353 individuals reported having diabetes. During 71,509 person-years of follow-up, a total of 1,194 individuals were hospitalised because of an infection. The risk of pneumonia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.75, 95% CI 1.23-2.48), urinary tract infection (aHR 3.03, 95% CI 2.04-4.49) and skin infection (aHR 2.43, 95% CI 1.49-3.95) was increased in subjects with diabetes compared with subjects without. Each 1 mmol/l increase in plasma glucose at baseline was associated with a 6-10% increased relative risk of pneumonia, urinary tract infection and skin infection after adjustment for other possible confounders. Among patients hospitalised for urinary tract infection, diabetic patients were at an increased risk of death at 28 days after admission compared with non-diabetic subjects (HR 3.90, 95% CI 1.20-12.66). In the Danish general population, diabetes and hyperglycaemia are strong and independent risk factors for hospitalisation as a result of pneumonia, urinary tract infection and skin infection. Further, diabetes has a negative impact on the prognosis of urinary tract infection.
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              Diabetes mellitus. Report of a WHO Study Group.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                amc
                Acta Médica Costarricense
                Acta méd. costarric
                Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica (San José )
                0001-6012
                March 2012
                : 54
                : 1
                : 23-30
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Costa Rica
                Article
                S0001-60022012000100005
                f843548e-b5e6-4853-8f2b-bdab7dee264d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0001-6002&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Care Sciences & Services

                Health & Social care
                Type 2 diabetes,death causes,death certificate,Diabetes tipo 2,Causas de muerte,Certificado de defunción

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