Performance of cycle diesel engine using Biodiesel of olive oil (B100)

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Abstract

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils used in diesel engines, in any proportion with petroleum diesel, or pure. It is produced by chemical processes, usually by transesterification, in which the glycerin is removed. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of a four stroke, four cylinder diesel cycle engines using either olive (B100) biodiesel oil or diesel oil. The following parameters were analyzed: effective and reduced power, torque, specific and hourly fuel consumption, thermo-mechanical and volumetric efficiency. Analysis of variance was performed on a completely randomized design with treatments in factorial and the Tukey test applied at the level of 5%. Five rotation speeds were researched in four replications (650, 570, 490, 410, 320 and 240 rpm). The engine fed with biodiesel presented more satisfactory results for torque, reduced power and specific and hourly consumptions than that fed with fossil diesel.

Translated abstract

Biodiesel é um combustível renovável derivado de óleos vegetais, usado em motores de ciclo diesel, em qualquer proporção com o diesel mineral, ou puro. É produzido por meio de processos químicos, normalmente por transesterificação, no qual é removida a glicerina. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de um motor de ciclo diesel quatro tempos e quatro cilindros, utilizando biodiesel de óleo de oliva (B100), em comparação ao óleo diesel. Foram analisados os parâmetros: potência efetiva e reduzida, torque, consumo específico e energético de combustível, eficiência termomecânica e volumétrica. Foi instalado um ensaio com delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em esquema fatorial, realizada análise de variância e aplicado teste de Tukey, a 5%. Foram pesquisados cinco níveis de rotação em quatro repetições (650, 570, 490, 410, 320 e 240 rpm). O motor alimentado com biodiesel de oliva apresentou torque, potencia reduzida e consumos especifico e horário com resultados mais satisfatórios que o diesel fóssil.

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The standardized ileal digestible isoleucine-to-lysine requirement ratio may be less than fifty percent in eleven- to twenty-three-kilogram piglets.

L Brossard, R Barea, Y Primot … (2009)

Most studies concerning the Ile requirement in pigs have been carried out using blood products as a protein source, and these have a relatively low Ile content relative to the other branched-chain AA (BCAA). There are indications that an excess supply of one BCAA can affect the utilization of the other BCAA. Little information is available concerning the Ile requirement in pigs when the supply of the other BCAA is moderate (e.g., in cereal- and soybean meal-based diets). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the response of piglets to Ile supplementation under different nutritional conditions. In all experiments, piglets were housed individually and had ad libitum access to feed during a 3-wk period. The first experiment was carried out to study the response of piglets to an increasing Ile supply by using 2 sources of l-Ile differing in degree of purity. Piglets received either a control diet with 48% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ile:Lys or 1 of 4 other diets containing graded levels of either source of l-Ile to provide 52 or 56% SID Ile:Lys. All diets were formulated to provide 1.00% SID Lys in the diet. Feed intake and growth were not affected by Ile level or Ile source. Experiment 2 was performed to exclude a possible interaction between Ile and Lys supply. In a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, 2 levels of Lys (1.00 and 1.15% SID Lys) and 2 levels of Ile (48 and 60% SID Ile:Lys) were used. Growth and G:F were 8 and 7% greater in piglets receiving the diet with the greater Lys content, but the Ile:Lys did not affect performance. No interactions were observed between the Lys and Ile supplies. In Exp. 3, a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was used to test the effect of protein source (spray-dried blood cells or corn gluten meal) and Ile supply (50 or 65% SID Ile:Lys) on performance in piglets. Both protein sources had an elevated BCAA content but differed in Leu and Val contents. Protein source or Ile supply did not affect feed intake, growth, or G:F in the piglets. Plasma concentrations after an overnight fast reflected the difference in AA concentrations of the diets. In conclusion, the results of these experiments indicate that the SID Ile:Lys requirement may be not greater than 50% in piglets receiving cereal- and soybean meal-based diets with a moderate BCAA content. In contrast to other studies, we could not confirm that the Ile requirement was affected by BCAA content of the diet.