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      Ontogenetic variations and feeding habits of a Neotropical annual fish from southern Brazil Translated title: Variações ontogenéticas e hábitos alimentares de um peixe anual Neotropical do sul do Brasil

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Knowing the feeding biology of a population and its ontogenetic aspects can help in understanding the functioning of fish assemblages, essential to the conservation of the habitat biodiversity in which these species are found. Annual fishes complete their life cycle in temporary aquatic environments, existing in adult stage only for brief annual periods. Changes in the feeding habits between different size classes could indicate that a species belongs to different feeding groups in different growth phases. The aim of this work was to characterize the diet of Cynopoecilus fulgens Costa, 2002 in a temporary flooded area in the coastal plain of southern Brazil, taking into consideration possible alterations in feeding habits in different body size classes caused by ontogenetic changes, to explain the coexistence of these individuals in a short space of time. The diet analysis indicated that C. fulgens is a generalist, consuming small crustaceans and autochthonous insects. Intraspecific differences in diet were determined when compared between nine classes of standard length. Adults fed mainly on autochthonous insects, and juveniles ingested mostly crustaceans, with the population being separated into two trophic groups: invertivores and invertivores with a tendency towards zooplanktivory. It is possible to conclude that the ontogenetic changes in the diet of C. fulgens are related to morphological restrictions due to the size of the individuals, since feeding competitive relations are probably not so evident.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Conhecer a biologia alimentar de uma população e seus aspectos ontogenéticos podem auxiliar na compreensão do funcionamento de assembleias de peixes, fundamental para a conservação da biodiversidade do habitat no qual estas espécies são encontradas. Peixes anuais completam seu ciclo de vida em ambientes aquáticos temporários, sendo encontrados no estágio adulto somente em breves períodos anuais. Mudanças nos hábitos alimentares entre diferentes classes de tamanho podem indicar que uma espécie pertence a distintos grupos alimentares nas diferentes fases do crescimento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a dieta de Cynopoecilus fulgens Costa, 2002 em uma área temporariamente alagada na planície costeira sul-riograndense, levando em consideração possíveis alterações nos hábitos alimentares nas diferentes classes de tamanho corporal causadas por mudanças ontogenéticas, visando explicar a coexistência destes indivíduos em um curto espaço de tempo. A análise da dieta indica que C. fulgens é uma espécie generalista, ingerindo pequenos crustáceos e insetos autóctones. Diferenças intraespecíficas na composição da dieta foram verificadas quando comparadas entre as nove classes de comprimento padrão estabelecidas. Adultos se alimentaram principalmente de insetos autóctones, enquanto os juvenis ingeriram principalmente crustáceos, sendo a população separada em dois grupos tróficos: invertívoros e invertívoros com tendência à zooplanctivoria. É possível concluir que as mudanças ontogenéticas na dieta de C. fulgens estejam relacionadas a restrições morfológicas decorrentes do tamanho dos indivíduos, já que as relações competitivas, em termos alimentares, não são aparentemente tão evidentes.

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          Most cited references120

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          Stomach contents analysis-a review of methods and their application

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            Resource partitioning in ecological communities.

            T Schoener (1974)
            To understand resource partitioning, essentially a community phenomenon, we require a holistic theory that draws upon models at the individual and population level. Yet some investigators are still content mainly to document differences between species, a procedure of only limited interest. Therefore, it may be useful to conclude with a list of questions appropriate for studies of resource partitioning, questions this article has related to the theory in a preliminary way. 1) What is the mechanism of competition? What is the relative importance of predation? Are differences likely to be caused by pressures toward reproductive isolation? 2) Are niches (utilizations) regularly spaced along a single dimension? 3) How many dimensions are important, and is there a tendency for more dimensions to be added as species number increases? 4) Is dimensional separation complementary? 5) Which dimensions are utilized, how do they rank in importance, and why? How do particular dimensions change in rank as species nuimber increases? 6) What is the relation of dimensional separation to difference in phenotypic indicators? To what extent does the functional relation of phenotype to resource characteristics constrain partitioning? 7) What is the distance between mean position of niches, what is the niche standard deviation, and what is the ratio of the two? What is the niche shape?
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              The return of the variance: intraspecific variability in community ecology.

              Despite being recognized as a promoter of diversity and a condition for local coexistence decades ago, the importance of intraspecific variance has been neglected over time in community ecology. Recently, there has been a new emphasis on intraspecific variability. Indeed, recent developments in trait-based community ecology have underlined the need to integrate variation at both the intraspecific as well as interspecific level. We introduce new T-statistics ('T' for trait), based on the comparison of intraspecific and interspecific variances of functional traits across organizational levels, to operationally incorporate intraspecific variability into community ecology theory. We show that a focus on the distribution of traits at local and regional scales combined with original analytical tools can provide unique insights into the primary forces structuring communities. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                isz
                Iheringia. Série Zoologia
                Iheringia, Sér. Zool.
                Museu de Ciências Naturais (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil )
                0073-4721
                1678-4766
                2017
                : 107
                : e2017020
                Affiliations
                [2] Caxias do Sul Rio Grande do Sul orgnameFaculdade Murialdo orgdiv1Núcleo de Pesquisas FAMUR Selvagem Brazil ricardo.stein@ 123456faculdademurialdo.com.br
                [1] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ictiologia orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Brazil ts_diasyahoo.com.br, cbfialho@ 123456pro.via-rs.com.br
                Article
                S0073-47212017000100220 S0073-4721(17)10700000220
                10.1590/1678-4766e2017020
                f911307b-18e2-4f1b-b4c3-69ed97cf0e62

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 August 2016
                : 20 January 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 120, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Articles

                sobreposição alimentar intraespecífica,estratégia alimentar generalista,Cynopoecilus fulgens,invertivory,intraspecific feeding overlap,generalist feeding strategy,invertivoria

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