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      Cryptosporidiosis in small ruminants ☆

      research-article
      Author(s): * ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Small Ruminant Research
      Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
      Keywords: Cryptosporidium, Small ruminants, Goat, Sheep, Zoonosis

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          Abstract

          Cryptosporidiosis is an infection caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Cryptosporidium which is responsible for a potentially severe disease in new-born ruminants. This infection is highly prevalent in small ruminants throughout the world, especially in pre-weaned animals. The clinical expression is different between goat kids and lambs, the infection being generally more severe in the former. Molecular data demonstrate geographical variations in the species of Cryptosporidium infecting small ruminants. They also support the possibility of transmission of zoonotic species from these hosts to humans. Studies are still needed on molecular epidemiology, especially in goats, and on ways to control infection.

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          A review of the importance of cryptosporidiosis in farm animals

          Dirk DE Graaf, Emmanuel Vanopdenbosch, Luis Ortega-Mora … (1999)
          Cryptosporidium species are coccidian parasites with a large capacity to reproduce and to disseminate. Several species are known to infect farm animals, although the economic importance of cryptosporidiosis is highly host species dependent. This paper reviews the impact of cryptosporidial infections in livestock and poultry. For different farm animals, the Cryptosporidium spp. that occur, as well as their clinical and pathological features, and their interactions with other pathogens, are described. In addition, data concerning the prevalence, the transmission and the epidemiology of the disease are mentioned and a description of the economic losses associated with cryptosporidiosis in each of the hosts is given. Cryptosporidiosis seems to be mainly a problem in neonatal ruminants. Cryptosporidium parvum is considered to be an important agent in the aetiology of the neonatal diarrhoea syndrome of calves, lambs and goat kids, causing considerable direct and indirect economic losses. Avian cryptosporidiosis is an emerging health problem in poultry, associated with respiratory disease in chickens and other Galliformes, and with intestinal disease in turkeys and quails. Because of limited availability of effective drugs, the control of cryptosporidiosis relies mainly on hygienic measures and good management.
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            Taxonomy and species delimitation in Cryptosporidium.

            Ronald Fayer (2010)
            Amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals serve as hosts for 19 species of Cryptosporidium. All 19 species have been confirmed by morphological, biological, and molecular data. Fish serve as hosts for three additional species, all of which lack supporting molecular data. In addition to the named species, gene sequence data from more than 40 isolates from various vertebrate hosts are reported in the scientific literature or are listed in GenBank. These isolates lack taxonomic status and are referred to as genotypes based on the host of origin. Undoubtedly, some will eventually be recognized as species. For them to receive taxonomic status sufficient morphological, biological, and molecular data are required and names must comply with the rules of the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Because the ICZN rules may be interpreted differently by persons proposing names, original names might be improperly assigned, original literature might be overlooked, or new scientific methods might be applicable to determining taxonomic status, the names of species and higher taxa are not immutable. The rapidly evolving taxonomic status of Cryptosporidium sp. reflects these considerations. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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              Pathophysiology of Diarrhea in Calves

              D.M. Foster, Geof W Smith (2009)
              Infectious diarrhea in calves is most commonly associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium parvum, rotavirus, coronavirus, or some combination of these pathogens. Each of these agents leads to diarrhea through either secretion or malabsorption/maldigestion, though the specific mechanisms and pathways may differ. Specific pharmacologic control and treatment are dependent on gaining a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of these organisms.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                C. Paraud
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Small Rumin Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Small Rumin. Res
                Title: Small Ruminant Research
                Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
                ISSN (Print): 0921-4488
                ISSN (Electronic): 0921-4488
                Publication date PMC-release: 16 November 2011
                Publication date (Print): March 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 November 2011
                Volume: 103
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 93-97
                Affiliations
                ANSES, Laboratoire de Niort, 60 rue de Pied de Fond, 79012 Niort, France
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 5 49 79 61 28; fax: +33 5 49 79 42 19. carine.paraud@ 123456anses.fr
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0921-4488(11)00437-8
                DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.10.023
                PMC ID: 7135340
                PubMed ID: 32288206
                SO-VID: f9697e43-97b4-4569-8889-b60ceb9f677e
                Copyright © Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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                Subject: Article

                Keywords: cryptosporidium,small ruminants,goat,sheep,zoonosis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: cryptosporidium, small ruminants, goat, sheep, zoonosis

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