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      Avances en políticas públicas y vigilancia epidemiológica relacionadas con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida en Ecuador Translated title: Advances in public policies and epidemiological surveillance related to the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS in Ecuador

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El virus de inmunodeficiencia humana constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud a nivel mundial. Se reconoce como un fenómeno multifactorial, donde las políticas públicas en materia de prevención, diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento resultan claves. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir los avances en políticas públicas y vigilancia epidemiológica relacionadas con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida en Ecuador. Se evidencian importantes pasos con respecto al compromiso político y responsabilidad social para conseguir frenar los estragos del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida, e infecciones de transmisión sexual, a partir de estrategias centradas en la prevención, así como en el tratamiento profiláctico, antirretroviral, y el seguimiento de los pacientes. Con vistas a ello se han implementado proyectos destinados a cumplir lo acordado en la declaración de las Naciones Unidas, y en el marco del plan nacional para el desarrollo. Persisten dificultades relacionadas con el acceso al diagnóstico del virus y pruebas de seguimiento, principalmente por la concentración de estas en una única institución.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus is one of the main health problems worldwide. It is recognized as a multifactorial phenomenon, where public policies regarding prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment are key. The objective of this study is to describe the advances in public policies and epidemiological surveillance related to the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS in Ecuador. Important steps are evident in relation to political commitment and social responsibility to stop the injuries of the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, and sexually transmitted infections, based on strategies focused on prevention, as well as prophylactic, antiretroviral, and treatment patient follow-up. Some projects have been implemented aimed at fulfilling what was agreed in the United Nations declaration, and within the framework of the national development plan. Difficulties persist related to access to virus diagnosis and follow-up tests, mainly due to the concentration of these in a single institution.

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          Most cited references20

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          Recent advances in lab-on-a-chip technologies for viral diagnosis

          The global risk of viral disease outbreaks emphasizes the need for rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection techniques to speed up diagnostics allowing early intervention. An emerging field of microfluidics also known as the lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro total analysis system includes a wide range of diagnostic devices. This review briefly covers both conventional and microfluidics-based techniques for rapid viral detection. We first describe conventional detection methods such as cell culturing, immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These methods often have limited speed, sensitivity, or specificity and are performed with typically bulky equipment. Here, we discuss some of the LOC technologies that can overcome these demerits, highlighting the latest advances in LOC devices for viral disease diagnosis. We also discuss the fabrication of LOC systems to produce devices for performing either individual steps or virus detection in samples with the sample to answer method. The complete system consists of sample preparation, and ELISA and RT-PCR for viral-antibody and nucleic acid detection, respectively. Finally, we formulate our opinions on these areas for the future development of LOC systems for viral diagnostics.
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            Protease Inhibitors for the Treatment of HIV/AIDS: Recent Advances and Future Challenges.

            Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic disease characterized by multiple life-threatening illnesses caused by a retro-virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV infection slowly destroys the immune system and increases the risk of various other infections and diseases. Although, there is no immediate cure for HIV infection/AIDS, several drugs targeting various cruxes of HIV infection are used to slow down the progress of the disease and to boost the immune system. One of the key therapeutic strategies is Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) or ' AIDS cocktail' in a general sense, which is a customized combination of anti-retroviral drugs designed to combat the HIV infection. Since HAART's inception in 1995, this treatment was found to be effective in improving the life expectancy of HIV patients over two decades. Among various classes of HAART treatment regimen, Protease Inhibitors (PIs) are known to be widely used as a major component and found to be effective in treating HIV infection/AIDS. For the past several years, a variety of protease inhibitors have been reported. This review outlines the drug design strategies of PIs, chemical and pharmacological characteristics of some mechanism-based inhibitors, summarizes the recent developments in small molecule based drug discovery with HIV protease as a drug target. Further discussed are the pharmacology, PI drug resistance on HIV PR, adverse effects of HIV PIs and challenges/impediments in the successful application of HIV PIs as an important class of drugs in HAART regimen for the effective treatment of AIDS.
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              Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2017-2021 Toda una Vida de Ecuador

              (2017)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ms
                MediSur
                Medisur
                Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, Centro Provincial de Ciencias Médicas, Provincia de Cienfuegos. (Cienfuegos, , Cuba )
                1727-897X
                December 2023
                : 21
                : 6
                : 1312-1321
                Affiliations
                [1] Ambato orgnameUniversidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes Ecuador
                Article
                S1727-897X2023000601312 S1727-897X(23)02100601312
                f9ccda41-f88c-420e-bb50-5cfc882205ab

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 October 2023
                : 06 November 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                Revisiones Bibliográficas

                enfermedades de transmisión sexual,monitoreo epidemiológico,ecuador,Public policy,HIV,acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,sexually transmitted diseases,epidemiological monitoring,Política pública,VIH,síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida

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