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      O papel da membrana de Descemet na patogenia do edema corneano após cirurgia de segmento anterior Translated title: The role of Descemet's membrane in the pathogeny of corneal edema following anterior segment surgery

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Encontrar fatores importantes na patogenia do edema corneano pós-cirúrgico, em casos de pós-facectomia e pósceratoplastia, por meio do estudo dos achados histopatológicos, a fim de ver o que pode ser feito para evitar sucessivas ceratoplastias. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo descritivo das alterações histopatológicas de casos de edema corneano pós-cirúrgicos. Os tecidos foram provenientes de ceratoplastia penetrante no período compreendido entre setembro de 2009 e agosto de 2013. Foi realizada revisão de prontuários em busca principalmente de informações sobre cirurgias prévias. Resultados: Foram incluídos 70 botões corneanos, sendo 34 de pacientes do sexo masculino e 36 do sexo feminino. A média das idades foi de 63,1±17,20 (média ± DP) anos. A maioria dos casos era de falência após transplante (71,43%). A rarefação celular foi a principal alteração encontrada no endotélio (58 casos), sendo também a alteração histopatológica mais frequente. Na membrana de Descemet, predominaram as alterações de integridade (53 casos), seja na forma de ruptura, de descolamento isolado ou de descolamento associado à ruptura. Foi frequente a associação de alterações endoteliais à ausência da integridade da membrana de Descemet. Conclusão: Descolamento da membrana de Descemet é um achado histopatológico frequente nos casos de edema corneano pós-cirúrgicos estudados, devendo ser considerado um fator importante na patogenia dos mesmos. Essa alteração deve ser procurada com atenção nos pós-operatórios, a fim de ser diagnosticada e tratada precocemente, vindo possivelmente a evitar muitas indicações de ceratoplastia.

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          Graft failure after penetrating keratoplasty.

          Despite the improving results that have been noted with penetrating keratoplasty, graft failure remains a significant problem. The causes of graft failure are quite varied. Primary donor failure, surgical complications, intraocular lens complications, persistent epithelial defects, allograft rejection, infection, glaucoma, trauma, and recurrences of primary corneal dystrophies are common etiologies. In this article, a critical review of the available literature concerned with the factors influencing the many causes of graft failure and their management is provided.
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            Histological and confocal microscopy changes in chronic corneal edema: implications for endothelial transplantation.

            To report in vivo confocal microscopic (IVCM) features in corneal edema supported by histopathologic correlation. This was an observational study with evaluation of diagnostic technology. Twenty patients with clinically diagnosed corneal edema were involved, including 11 with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (FED). All cases, in addition to a control group of six normal eyes, were examined with IVCM before keratoplasty. Four eyes were examined after surgery. Thirteen corneal samples obtained by penetrating keratoplasty were examined by light and/or electron microscopy. IVCM and histopathologic sections were then analyzed for correlation and proper interpretation. Seven patients underwent Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK). Subepithelial fibroblasts were seen histologically and with IVCM in 7 (53.8%) of 13 full-thickness corneal samples. IVCM alone detected these changes in 11 (55%) subjects before surgery, as well as after postoperative clinical improvement. Other IVCM features included absent (30%) or reduced (70%) subbasal corneal nerves, expanded hyperreflective keratocyte cell bodies, and processes with small vacuoles and large extracellular lacunae (95%), seen on IVCM only. Endothelial changes with polymegathism and reduced cell density were seen in non-FED cases. This is the first study in which IVCM features of corneal edema have been compared in detail with histopathologic findings. Subepithelial fibroblasts, reduced subbasal corneal nerves, and stromal keratocyte morphology were well documented in this study. With increasing popularity of DSEK this work supports the role of IVCM in quantitative evaluation of corneal edema in early preoperative stages, as well as after surgery, when the cornea appear clinically, but not histologically, normal.
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              The endothelium of the cornea and its clinical implications.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbof
                Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia
                Rev. bras.oftalmol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia (Rio de Janeiro )
                1982-8551
                October 2014
                : 73
                : 5
                : 262-268
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital Geral de Fortaleza Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Ceará Brazil
                [3 ] Hospital Geral de Fortaleza Brazil
                Article
                S0034-72802014000500262
                10.5935/0034-7280.20140057
                fa2dd4cd-448a-4785-bae1-cb37a0417702

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7280&lng=en
                Categories
                OPHTHALMOLOGY

                Ophthalmology & Optometry
                Ceratoplastia,Edema da córnea/etiologia,Edema da córnea/patologia,Descemet membrane,Corneal edema/etiology,Corneal edema/pathology,Keratoplasty,Lâmina limitante posterior

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