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      Prevalence of Diego blood group antigen and the antibody in three ethnic population groups in Klang valley of Malaysia

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Diego blood group antigen, Di(a), is very rare among Caucasians and Blacks, but relatively common among the South American Indians and Asians of Mongolian origin. The antibody to Di(a) is clinically significant to cause hemolytic disease in a new-born or hemolytic transfusion reaction.

          Objectives:

          This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Di(a) antigen among the blood donors from the three major ethnic groups in Klang Valley of Malaysia as well as to find an incidence of an antibody of the Diego antigen, anti-Di(a), in a tertiary care hospital to ascertain the need to include Di(a+) red cells for an antibody screen cell panel.

          Materials and Methods:

          Serological tests were performed by column agglutination technique using commercial reagents and following instruction as per kit insert.

          Results:

          Di(a) antigen was found with a frequency of 2.1% among the Malaysians donors in three ethnic groups viz, Malay, Chinese and Indian. It was present among 1.25% of 401 Malay, 4.01% of Chinese and 0.88% of 114 Indian origin donors. None of the 1442 patients, including 703 antenatal outpatients, had anti-Di(a) in serum.

          Conclusion:

          The prevalence of Di(a) antigen was found among the donors of all the three ethnic background with varying frequency. Inclusion of Di(a+) red cells in routine antibody screening program would certainly help in detection of this clinically significant antibody and to provide safe blood transfusion in the Klang Valley, though the incidence of antibody appears to be very low in the region.

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          Most cited references19

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          Changes in the blood group Wright antigens are associated with a mutation at amino acid 658 in human erythrocyte band 3: a site of interaction between band 3 and glycophorin A under certain conditions.

          The Wright (Wr) blood group antigens, Wra and Wrb, have been suggested to be determined by alleles of the same gene. The Wrb antigen appears to involve both red blood cell (RBC) band 3 and glycophorin A (GPA). We have examined the cDNA sequences of the band 3 and GPA of one of the two known Wr(a+b-) individuals. We show that this individual is homozygous for the mutation Glu658-->Lys in band 3, but has normal GPA. Putative heterozygotes with Wr(a+b+) RBCs have both Glu and Lys at residue 658 of band 3, whereas the common Wr(a-b+) RBC phenotype only have band 3 with Glu658. The Wra and Wrb antigens are determined by the amino acid at residue 658 of band 3 and are antithetical. Examination of the amino acid sequence and Wrb antigen expression of GPA-related hybrid glycophorins suggests that Arg61 of GPA interacts with Glu658 of band 3 to form the Wrb antigen. We suggest that the interaction is stabilized by the presence of anti-Wrb antibodies and that this site of association between GPA and band 3 may be responsible for the previously reported ability of anti-GPA antibodies to decrease the deformability of RBCs.
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            The distribution of blood group antigens and alloantibodies among Chinese in Taiwan.

            Most blood group antigens among Chinese people are very homogeneous (e.g., D, 99.4%; K, 0%; Fya, 99.7%). The frequency of clinically significant alloantibodies detected by the authors' crossmatching was only 0.146 percent, suggesting that pretransfusion testing can be greatly simplified in Chinese populations.
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              Prevalence of diego blood group Dia antigen in Mongolians: comparison with that in Japanese.

              The Diego blood group is composed of Di(a) and Di(b) antigens. Prevalence of the Di(a) antigen is known to be different among races. The Di(a) antigen is generally found in Oriental people. Thus, it is called a Mongoloid factor. In Japanese, the prevalence of this antigen is 8.78%. However, the prevalence in Mongolians had not previously been examined. In September of 2002, we determined this antigen among inhabitants of Ulaanbaatar. It was found in 24 of 242 subjects (9.92%). This prevalence approximates that in Japanese. The Rh blood group phenotypes also showed patterns similar to those in Japanese. These results are not contrary to the presumption that Mongolians and Japanese may have a common racial background.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Asian J Transfus Sci
                Asian J Transfus Sci
                AJTS
                Asian Journal of Transfusion Science
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0973-6247
                1998-3565
                Jan-Jun 2013
                : 7
                : 1
                : 26-28
                Affiliations
                [1] National Blood Transfusion Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Dr. Faisal Muti Al-Hassan, Cluster of Regenerative Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, No: 6, Tingkat 1, Lot 13, Persiaran Seksyen 4/9, Bandar Putra Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia. E-mail: faisal@ 123456amdi.usm.edu.my
                Article
                AJTS-7-26
                10.4103/0973-6247.106725
                3613656
                23559760
                fa52df7f-923b-4de6-a813-af6e090c2e83
                Copyright: © Asian Journal of Transfusion Science

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Original Article

                Hematology
                anti-di(a),di(a),klang valley,malaysia,prevalence
                Hematology
                anti-di(a), di(a), klang valley, malaysia, prevalence

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