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      SMS-Based Medical Diagnostic Telemetry Data Transmission Protocol for Medical Sensors

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          Abstract

          People with special medical monitoring needs can, these days, be sent home and remotely monitored through the use of data logging medical sensors and a transmission base-station. While this can improve quality of life by allowing the patient to spend most of their time at home, most current technologies rely on hardwired landline technology or expensive mobile data transmissions to transmit data to a medical facility. The aim of this paper is to investigate and develop an approach to increase the freedom of a monitored patient and decrease costs by utilising mobile technologies and SMS messaging to transmit data from patient to medico. To this end, we evaluated the capabilities of SMS and propose a generic communications protocol which can work within the constraints of the SMS format, but provide the necessary redundancy and robustness to be used for the transmission of non-critical medical telemetry from data logging medical sensors.

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          The advanced health and disaster aid network: a light-weight wireless medical system for triage.

          Bor-Rong Chen, Tyler D. White, L Hauenstein … (2007)
          Advances in semiconductor technology have resulted in the creation of miniature medical embedded systems that can wirelessly monitor the vital signs of patients. These lightweight medical systems can aid providers in large disasters who become overwhelmed with the large number of patients, limited resources, and insufficient information. In a mass casualty incident, small embedded medical systems facilitate patient care, resource allocation, and real-time communication in the advanced health and disaster aid network (AID-N). We present the design of electronic triage tags on lightweight, embedded systems with limited memory and computational power. These electronic triage tags use noninvasive, biomedical sensors (pulse oximeter, electrocardiogram, and blood pressure cuff) to continuously monitor the vital signs of a patient and deliver pertinent information to first responders. This electronic triage system facilitates the seamless collection and dissemination of data from the incident site to key members of the distributed emergency response community. The real-time collection of data through a mesh network in a mass casualty drill was shown to approximately triple the number of times patients that were triaged compared with the traditional paper triage system.
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            Using pervasive computing to deliver elder care

            V. Stanford (2002)
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              Toward personal eHealth in cardiology. Results from the EPI-MEDICS telemedicine project.

              Alfredo Galassi, Lars Edenbrandt, Mattias Ohlsson … (2005)
              Despite many attempts to improve the management of acute myocardial infarction, only small trends to shorter time intervals before treatment have been reported. The self-care solution developed by the European EPI-MEDICS project (2001-2004) is a novel, very affordable, easy-to-use, portable, and intelligent Personal ECG Monitor (PEM) for the early detection of cardiac ischemia and arrhythmia that is able to record a professional-quality, 3-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) based on leads I, II, and V2; derive the missing leads of the standard 12-lead ECG (thanks to either a generic or a patient-specific transform), compare each ECG with a reference ECG by means of advanced neural network-based decision-making methods taking into account the serial ECG measurements and the patient risk factors and clinical data; and generate different levels of alarms and forward the alarm messages with the recorded ECGs and the patient's Personal electronic Health Record (PHR) to the relevant health care providers by means of a standard Bluetooth-enabled, GSM/GPRS-compatible mobile phone. The ECG records are SCP-ECG encoded and stored with the PHR on a secure personal SD Card embedded in the PEM device. The alarm messages and the PHR are XML encoded. Major alarm messages are automatically transmitted to the nearest emergency call center. Medium or minor alarms are sent on demand to a central PEM Alarm Web Server. Health professionals are informed by a Short Message Service. The PEM embeds itself a Web server to facilitate the reviewing and/or update of the PHR during a routine visit at the office of the general physician or cardiologist. Eighty PEM prototypes have been finalized and tested for several weeks on 697 citizens/patients in different clinical and self-care situations involving end users (188 patients), general physicians (10), and cardiologists (9). The clinical evaluation indicates that the EPI-MEDICS concept may save lives and is very valuable for prehospitalization triage.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sensors (Basel)
                Title: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                ISSN (Electronic): 1424-8220
                Publication date Collection: 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 8 April 2011
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 4231-4243
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia; E-Mail: bjt5150@ 123456gmail.com (B.T.); jemal@ 123456deakin.edu.au (J.A.)
                [2 ] Department of Multimedia Engineering, Hannam University, 133 Ojeong-dong, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-791, Korea
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Taihoonn@ 123456hnu.kr ; Tel.: +82-42-629-8373; Fax: +82-42-629-8383; Mobile: +82-10-8592-4900.
                Article
                Publisher ID: sensors-11-04231
                DOI: 10.3390/s110404231
                PMC ID: 3231350
                PubMed ID: 22163845
                SO-VID: fb23c8dd-8da9-40cf-974c-90f172e24977
                Copyright © © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 10 February 2011
                Date revision received : 28 March 2011
                Date accepted : 2 April 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: data transmission,medical telemetry,information privacy,short message service,data communications,gsm,information security,telemetry,mobile communications,sms
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: data transmission, medical telemetry, information privacy, short message service, data communications, gsm, information security, telemetry, mobile communications, sms

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