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      Aprendizagem motora em crianças com paralisia cerebral Translated title: Motor learning in children with cerebral palsy

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: a Paralisia Cerebral (PC) tem como característica causar alterações na postura e movimento que dificultam a realização de atividades funcionais. Diante das dificuldades motoras, a reabilitação torna-se essencial e tem como uma opção basear-se na aprendizagem motora. Porém, é importante a investigação do processo de aprendizagem motora em indivíduos com PC para viabilizar a organização de programas de tratamento mais efetivos. OBJETIVO: analisar o processo de aprendizagem motora em crianças com PC. MÉTODO: Para a realização deste trabalho utilizou-se um grupo experimental (GE) e um grupo controle (GC) ambos formados por 4 crianças pareadas em relação ao gênero (um do gênero feminino e três do gênero masculino) e idade (entre sete e doze anos). A tarefa consistia em realizar um caminho em um labirinto, no menor tempo possível. O trabalho consistiu de duas fases, sendo inicialmente a fase de aquisição (AQ) e depois as transferências (Imediata-TI; Curto Prazo-TC e Longo Prazo-TL). RESULTADO: Verificou-se que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a AQ e as transferências avaliadas com os valores a seguir: TI (z = -1,83 e p = 0,07), TC (z = -1,83 e p = 0,07) e a TL [GE (z = -1,83 e p = 0,07) e GC (z = -1,46 e p = 0,14)]. CONCLUSÃO: No processo de aprendizagem da tarefa de labirinto, analisando-se os resultados entre as fases de AQ e Transferência não se observou diferença, ou seja, os indivíduos com PC mostraram capacidade de aprendizagem preservada por meio da adaptação da tarefa, fato este que ocorreu de forma equivalente aos indivíduos sem paralisia cerebral.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: cerebral palsy (CP) has the characteristic of causing changes in posture and movement that hamper the achievement of functional activities. In the face of motor disabilities, rehabilitation becomes essential and is an option based on motor learning. However, it is important to research the motor learning process in individuals with CP to make the organization of treatment programs more effective. OBJECTIVE: Analyse the motor learning in children with CP. METHOD: For the realization of this work, an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG) was used, comprised of four children matched in relation to gender (one female and three masculine) and age (between seven and twelve years). The task was to conduct a path into a maze in the shortest time possible. The work consisted of two phases, being initially an acquisition phase (AQ) and then transfers (immediate-IM; short-term-ST and long-term-LT). RESULT: It was found that there was no statistical significance difference between AQ and transfers evaluated with the following values: IM (z= -1.83, p=0.07), ST (z= -1.83, p=0.07) and LT [EG (z= -1.83, p=0.07) and CG (z= -1.46, p=0.14)]. CONCLUSION: In the process of maze task learning, when analyzing the results between phases AQ and transfer, significant difference was not observed, which means that individuals with CP showed learning capacity through task adaptation equivalent to individuals without cerevral palsy.

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          Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity: implications for rehabilitation after brain damage.

          This paper reviews 10 principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity and considerations in applying them to the damaged brain. Neuroscience research using a variety of models of learning, neurological disease, and trauma are reviewed from the perspective of basic neuroscientists but in a manner intended to be useful for the development of more effective clinical rehabilitation interventions. Neural plasticity is believed to be the basis for both learning in the intact brain and relearning in the damaged brain that occurs through physical rehabilitation. Neuroscience research has made significant advances in understanding experience-dependent neural plasticity, and these findings are beginning to be integrated with research on the degenerative and regenerative effects of brain damage. The qualities and constraints of experience-dependent neural plasticity are likely to be of major relevance to rehabilitation efforts in humans with brain damage. However, some research topics need much more attention in order to enhance the translation of this area of neuroscience to clinical research and practice. The growing understanding of the nature of brain plasticity raises optimism that this knowledge can be capitalized upon to improve rehabilitation efforts and to optimize functional outcome.
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            A closed-loop theory of motor learning.

            Following a discussion of the meaning of the term "skills" and a review of historical influences on their learning, a closed-loop theory for learning simple movements is presented. Empirical generalizations from the literature are stated, and the theory is used to explain them. The generalizations are of 2 classes: learning through the application of knowledge of results, and the effects of withdrawing knowledge of results.
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              Cem Bilhões de Neurônios: Conceitos Fundamentais de Neurociência

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbcdh
                Revista brasileira de crescimento e desenvolvimento humano
                Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum.
                Centro de Estudos de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento do Ser Humano (São Paulo )
                0104-1282
                August 2010
                : 20
                : 2
                : 250-262
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo
                Article
                S0104-12822010000200008
                fb75c82d-7153-4607-bf67-0584e01c7213

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

                cerebral palsy,maze learning,children,paralisia cerebral,aprendizagem em labirinto,criança

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