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Intravesical therapies for bladder cancer - indications and limitations.
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Abstract
• Intravesical therapy is a well-established treatment option for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). • Choosing the appropriate intravesical agent, schedule and duration of treatment has long been an area of debate. • We review the intravesical agents that are currently used in the management of NMIBC and examine the indications and limitations of their use. • Given the relative high rates of toxicity, failure and non-completion of traditional treatments we also examine some of the newer treatment options available.