Alcohol-Derived Acetaldehyde Exposure in the Oral Cavity

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Abstract

Alcohol is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a human carcinogen and its consumption has been associated to an increased risk of liver, breast, colorectum, and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers. Its mechanisms of carcinogenicity remain unclear and various hypotheses have been formulated depending on the target organ considered. In the case of UADT cancers, alcohol’s major metabolite acetaldehyde seems to play a crucial role. Acetaldehyde reacts with DNA inducing modifications, which, if not repaired, can result in mutations and lead to cancer development. Despite alcohol being mainly metabolized in the liver, several studies performed in humans found higher levels of acetaldehyde in saliva compared to those found in blood immediately after alcohol consumption. These results suggest that alcohol-derived acetaldehyde exposure may occur in the oral cavity independently from liver metabolism. This hypothesis is supported by our recent results showing the presence of acetaldehyde-related DNA modifications in oral cells of monkeys and humans exposed to alcohol, overall suggesting that the alcohol metabolism in the oral cavity is an independent cancer risk factor. This review article will focus on illustrating the factors modulating alcohol-derived acetaldehyde exposure and effects in the oral cavity.

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Most cited references 153

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cancers (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cancers (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): cancers

Title: Cancers

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6694

Publication date (Electronic): 14 January 2018

Publication date Collection: January 2018

Volume: 10

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 20

Affiliations

[1 ]Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; storn005@ 123456umn.edu (A.S.); guido019@ 123456umn.edu (V.G.)

[2 ]Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

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[* ]Correspondence: balbo006@ 123456umn.edu ; Tel.: +1-612-624-4240

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Alessia Stornetta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8287-9551

Article

Publisher ID: cancers-10-00020

DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010020

PMC ID: 5789370

PubMed ID: 29342885

SO-VID: fbc8142c-018a-49de-b919-37ef1869cfbb

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Alcohol-Derived Acetaldehyde Exposure in the Oral Cavity

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Abstract

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Cancer Metabolism

Most cited references 153

Alcohol metabolism.

Smoking and drinking in relation to oral and pharyngeal cancer.

Oral cancer: Etiology and risk factors: A review.

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