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      Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) will be included in ICD-11 as an impulse-control disorder. CSBD also shares clinical features with obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) and behavioral addictions. There has been relatively little systematic investigation of CSBD in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), the paradigmatic compulsive disorder. We aimed to determine prevalence of CSBD in OCD, and its associated sociodemographic and clinical features, including associated comorbidity, to learn more about the nature of CSBD.

          Methods

          Adult outpatients with current OCD ( N = 539) participated in this study. The Structured Clinical Interview for OCSDs was used to diagnose OCSDs (Tourette’s syndrome, compulsive shopping, pathological gambling, kleptomania, pyromania, intermittent explosive disorder, self-injurious behavior, and CSBD). Prevalence rates of OCSDs in male versus female patients as well as comorbid disorders in OCD patients with and without CSBD were compared.

          Results

          Lifetime prevalence of CSBD was 5.6% in patients with current OCD and significantly higher in men than women. OCD patients with and without CSBD were similar in terms of age, age of onset of OCD, present OCD illness severity, as well as educational background. Lifetime prevalence rates of several mood, obsessive–compulsive, and impulse-control disorders were considerably elevated in patients with lifetime CSBD.

          Discussion and conclusions

          A substantive number of OCD patients suffered from CSBD. CSBD in OCD was more likely comorbid with other mood, obsessive–compulsive, and impulse-control disorders, but not with disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviors. This finding supports conceptualization of CSBD as a compulsive–impulsive disorder.

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          Most cited references42

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          Hypersexual disorder: a proposed diagnosis for DSM-V.

          Hypersexual Disorder is proposed as a new psychiatric disorder for consideration in the Sexual Disorders section for DSM-V. Historical precedents describing hypersexual behaviors as well as the antecedent representations and proposals for inclusion of such a condition in the previous DSM manuals are reviewed. Epidemiological as well as clinical evidence is presented suggesting that non-paraphilic "excesses" of sexual behavior (i.e., hypersexual behaviors and disorders) can be accompanied by both clinically significant personal distress and social and medical morbidity. The research literature describing comorbid Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders and a purported relationship between Axis I disorders and Hypersexual Disorder is discussed. Based on an extensive review of the literature, Hypersexual Disorder is conceptualized as primarily a nonparaphilic sexual desire disorder with an impulsivity component. Specific polythetic diagnostic criteria, as well as behavioral specifiers, are proposed, intended to integrate empirically based contributions from various putative pathophysiological perspectives, including dysregulation of sexual arousal and desire, sexual impulsivity, sexual addiction, and sexual compulsivity.
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            Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11

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              Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction?

              To review the evidence base for classifying compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) as a non-substance or 'behavioral' addiction.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Behav Addict
                J Behav Addict
                jba
                JBA
                Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2062-5871
                2063-5303
                13 May 2019
                June 2019
                : 8
                : 2
                : 242-248
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
                [2 ]MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
                [3 ]MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch , Cape Town, South Africa
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Johannes Fuss; Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Phone: +49 40 7410 54232; Fax: +49 40 7410 56406; E-mail: jo.fuss@ 123456uke.de
                Article
                10.1556/2006.8.2019.23
                7044559
                31079471
                fbdd1d40-18b0-41b8-9a44-fc55a9861143
                © 2019 The Author(s)

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                : 27 December 2018
                : 20 March 2019
                : 07 April 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 7
                Funding
                Funding sources: This research was supported by grants to CL and DJS by the South African Medical Research Council and a grant to JF by the University of Hamburg for a research visit to University of Cape Town, South Africa.
                Categories
                Full-Length Report

                hypersexuality,hypersexual disorder,behavioral addictions,compulsivity,impulsivity,compulsive sexual behavior disorder

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