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      Antibodies against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Brucella spp. in captive and free‐living European bison ( Bison bonasus) in Poland

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          Abstract

          Background

          The European bison ( Bison bonasus), a symbol of Polish nature, is a protected species that requires active health monitoring. However, conservation efforts are made difficult by the zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis and tuberculosis.

          Objective

          The aim of this study was to screen the Polish European bison population for exposure to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and Brucella spp.

          Methods

          A total of 323 free‐living and captive European bison from 13 localities were tested serologically for antibodies against the M. bovis P22 multi‐protein complex (in‐house ELISA) and against Brucella spp. (commercial ELISA).

          Results

          Antibodies against the MTC (P22) were detected in 7% (22/323) of the tested European bison. Anti‐MTC antibody positivity was not significantly different by sex, age, and captive/free range status. Anti‐MTC antibodies were found in six of 13 populations sampled, always in populations with larger sample sizes including the four free‐living ones. Antibodies against Brucella spp. were detected in 36% (116/323) of the tested bison. While Brucella spp. antibody prevalence was not different by sex, it was significantly different by age (lower in adults) and captive/free‐living status. Brucella spp. seroprevalence decreased with sample size and seropositive bison were found in 12 of 13 sampling populations.

          Conclusions

          Our findings identify potential emerging threats to the European bison population and confirm the first serological response to P22 in European bison. As Poland is currently officially free of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis, our results require careful interpretation. Further studies are needed to establish the presence of cross‐reactions with atypical mycobacteria in the case of MTC and other bacteria (e.g. Yersinia enterocolitica O:9) in the case of Brucella spp.

          Abstract

          Our findings identify two potential emerging threats to the European bison population and confirm the first serological response to P22 in European bison. Antibodies against the MTC (P22) were detected in 7% (22/323) of the tested European bison. Antibodies against Brucella spp. were detected in 36% (116/323) of the tested bison.

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          Spatial distribution and risk factors of Brucellosis in Iberian wild ungulates

          Pilar M Muñoz, Mariana Boadella, Maricruz Arnal … (2010)
          Background The role of wildlife as a brucellosis reservoir for humans and domestic livestock remains to be properly established. The aim of this work was to determine the aetiology, apparent prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors for brucellosis transmission in several Iberian wild ungulates. Methods A multi-species indirect immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using Brucella S-LPS antigen was developed. In several regions having brucellosis in livestock, individual serum samples were taken between 1999 and 2009 from 2,579 wild bovids, 6,448 wild cervids and4,454 Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), and tested to assess brucellosis apparent prevalence. Strains isolated from wild boar were characterized to identify the presence of markers shared with the strains isolated from domestic pigs. Results Mean apparent prevalence below 0.5% was identified in chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), and red deer (Cervus elaphus). Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), mouflon (Ovis aries) and Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) tested were seronegative. Only one red deer and one Iberian wild goat resulted positive in culture, isolating B. abortus biovar 1 and B. melitensis biovar 1, respectively. Apparent prevalence in wild boar ranged from 25% to 46% in the different regions studied, with the highest figures detected in South-Central Spain. The probability of wild boar being positive in the iELISA was also affected by age, age-by-sex interaction, sampling month, and the density of outdoor domestic pigs. A total of 104 bacterial isolates were obtained from wild boar, being all identified as B. suis biovar 2. DNA polymorphisms were similar to those found in domestic pigs. Conclusions In conclusion, brucellosis in wild boar is widespread in the Iberian Peninsula, thus representing an important threat for domestic pigs. By contrast, wild ruminants were not identified as a significant brucellosis reservoir for livestock.
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            Bovine brucellosis – a comprehensive review

            Sandip Khurana, Anju Sehrawat, Ruchi Tiwari … (2021)
            Abstract Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.
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              Proteomic characterisation of bovine and avian purified protein derivatives and identification of specific antigens for serodiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis

              José Infantes-Lorenzo, Inmaculada Fernández Moreno, María Risalde … (2017)
              Background Bovine purified protein derivative (bPPD) and avian purified protein derivative (aPPD) are widely used for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis. However, little is known about their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, which makes their standardisation difficult. In addition, bPPD can give false-positive tuberculosis results because of sequence homology between Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and M. avium proteins. Thus, the objective of this study was to carry out a proteomic characterisation of bPPD, aPPD and an immunopurified subcomplex from bPPD called P22 in order to identify proteins contributing to cross-reactivity among these three products in tuberculosis diagnosis. Methods Trypsin digests of bPPD, aPPD and P22 were analysed by nanoscale liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Mice were immunised with bPPD or aPPD, and their serum was tested by indirect ELISA for reactivity against these preparations as well as against P22. Results A total of 456 proteins were identified in bPPD, 1019 in aPPD and 118 in P22; 146 of these proteins were shared by bPPD and aPPD, and 43 were present in all three preparations. Candidate proteins that may cause cross-reactivity between bPPD and aPPD were identified based on protein abundance and antigenic propensity. Serum reactivity experiments indicated that P22 may provide greater specificity than bPPD with similar sensitivity for ELISA-type detection of antibodies against M. tuberculosis complex. Conclusion The subpreparation from bPPD called P22 may be an alternative to bPPD for serodiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, since it shares fewer proteins with aPPD than bPPD does, reducing risk of cross-reactivity with anti-M. avium antibodies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12014-017-9171-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Anna Didkowska:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1073-174X
                anna_didkowska@sggw.edu.pl
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Vet Med Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Vet Med Sci
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2053-1095
                Journal ID (publisher-id): VMS3
                Title: Veterinary Medicine and Science
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2053-1095
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 November 2023
                Publication date Collection: January 2024
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/vms3.v10.1 )
                Electronic Location Identifier: e1314
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection Institute of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) Warsaw Poland
                [ 2 ] SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Castilla – La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
                [ 3 ] Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation Institute of Animal Sciences University of Life Sciences (SGGW) Warsaw Poland
                [ 4 ] Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles de Lwiro (CRSN Lwiro), Lwiro South Kivu Democratic Republic of Congo
                [ 5 ] Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana Centro Nacional de Microbiología Instituto de Salud Carlos III Majadahonda Madrid Spain
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Anna Didkowska, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02‐776 Warsaw, Poland.

                Email: anna_didkowska@ 123456sggw.edu.pl

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1073-174X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4790-5259
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6166-3954
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8116-8491
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-7682
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-4006
                Article
                Publisher ID: VMS31314
                DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1314
                PMC ID: 10766064
                PubMed ID: 37943991
                SO-VID: fc31f396-6b63-4d3e-a300-63552c3c3d5e
                Copyright © © 2023 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date revision received : 23 August 2023
                Date received : 11 October 2022
                Date accepted : 17 October 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 2, Pages: 12, Words: 7781
                Funding
                Funded by: Complex project of European bison conservation by State Forests, Forest Fund (Poland)
                Award ID: contract no OR.271.3.10.2017
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article
                Subject: Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date January 2024
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.3.6 mode:remove_FC converted:04.01.2024

                Keywords: brucella spp,elisa,european bison,p22,serology,tuberculosis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: brucella spp, elisa, european bison, p22, serology, tuberculosis

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