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      Composição física da carcaça e qualidade da carne de novilhos de gerações avançadas do cruzamento alternado entre as raças Charolês e Nelore, terminados em confinamento Translated title: Carcass physical composition and meat quality from feedlot finished steers of advanced generations of rotational crossbreeding between Charolais and Nellore

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          Abstract

          Foram avaliadas as características qualitativas da carne e a composição física da carcaça de novilhos puros (Charolês - C e Nelore - N) e mestiços da segunda (G2) (¾C ¼N e ¾N ¼C), terceira (G3) (5/8C 3/8N e 5/8N 3/8C) e quarta (G4) (11/16C 5/16N e 11/16N 5/16C) gerações de cruzamento, terminados em confinamento com dieta composta por 52% de silagem de milho e 48% de concentrado. Os animais mestiços foram superiores à média dos puros nos pesos absolutos de músculo, osso e gordura na carcaça, em todas as gerações de cruzamento. Animais mestiços apresentaram menor porcentagem de osso na carcaça que a média dos puros, sendo mais marcante na G2 e G3. A heterose para relação músculo/osso e porção comestível/osso foi positiva em todas gerações de cruzamento, alcançando significância apenas na G3. Os mestiços apresentaram carne mais macia que a média dos puros, tanto pela avaliação por painel como pelo aparelho ";Warner-Bratzler Shear";, sendo a heterose retida de 9,39 e -11,36%, respectivamente. A heterose para suculência da carne, embora positiva em todas gerações de cruzamento, foi significativa apenas na G3. Comparando as carcaças de mestiços vs puros Charolês ou Nelore, verificou-se que os mestiços apresentaram maior quantidade absoluta de músculo, mas menor relação músculo/osso que os Charolês, maior quantidade absoluta de músculo, osso, gordura e maior relação músculo/osso e porção comestível/osso que os Nelore. A carcaça dos mestiços mostrou maior porcentagem de músculo e menor de osso que os Nelore e maior porcentagem de gordura e menor de músculo que os Charolês. A carne dos mestiços apresentou menor grau de marmoreio e maciez similar à dos Charolês, porém apresentou maior grau de marmoreio e maciez que a dos Nelore.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this work was to evaluate the carcass physical composition and meat quality of steers, straightbreds (Charolais - C and Nellore - N), and crossbreds from second (G2) (¾C ¼N and ¾N ¼C), third (G3) (5/8C 3/8N and 5/8N 3/8C) and fourth (G4) (11/16C 5/16N and 11/16N 5/16C) generation of rotational crossbreeding, feedlot finished with 52% corn silage plus 48% of concentrate in the diet. Crossbred steers were superior to the straightbreds mean for absolute weight of muscle, bone and fat of the carcass in all crossbreeding generations. Crossbreds showed lower bone percentage in the carcass than the straightbreds mean, being the difference more evident in G2 and G3. Heterosis for muscle/bone and edible portion/bone ratio was positive in all crossbreeding generations, reaching significance only in G3. Meat of crossbreds was more tender than straightbreds mean when evaluated by panel test or by the Warner-Bratzler Shear, being the retained heterosis 9.39 and -11.36%, respectively. Heterosis for meat juiciness although positive in all crossbreeding generations, was significant only in G3. Comparing the crossbreds versus the straightbreds Charolais or Nellore carcasses, it was observed that the crossbreds showed higher absolute quantity of muscle, but lower muscle/bone ratio than the Charolais and, higher absolute quantity of muscle, bone and fat and higher muscle/bone and edible portion/bone than the Nellore. The carcasses of the crossbreds showed higher muscle and lower bone percentage than the Nellore and, higher fat and lower muscle percentage than the Charolais. Meat of the crossbreds showed lower amount of marbling and similar tenderness to the Charolais, but had more marbling and was more tender than the Nellore meat.

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          Most cited references35

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          Normas para avaliação de carcaças e concurso de carcaça de novilhos

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            Evaluation of attributes that affect longissimus muscle tenderness in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle.

            Biological tenderness differences between longissimus muscles (LM) from Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds were evaluated. Steers and heifers of Hereford x Angus (H x A, n = 10), 3/8 Sahiwal x H, A or H x A (3/8 SAH, n = 6) and 5/8 Sahiwal x H, A or H x A (5/8 SAH, n = 11) crosses were utilized. Muscle temperature and pH were monitored every 3 h for the first 12 h and at 24 h. Samples were obtained within 1 h and at 24 h postmortem from the LM for determination of calcium-dependent protease (CDP) -I and -II and CDP inhibitor (INH) activities. At 1 and 14 d postmortem, LM samples were removed for determining cathepsin B and B + L activity, soluble and total collagen, sarcomere length, muscle-fiber histochemistry, shear force and sensory-panel traits. Data were analyzed using least squares procedures with fixed effects of breed cross, sex and their interaction. No significant breed cross effects were observed for carcass traits or rates of pH and temperature decline. Steaks from H x A had lower (P less than .05) shear-force values and higher (P less than .05) sensory scores for tenderness at 1 and 14 d postmortem than steaks from 3/8 and 5/8 SAH. Correspondingly, 5/8 SAH had lower (P less than .05) myofibril fragmentation indices than H x A at 1, 3, 7 and 14 d postmortem. Breed cross effects were not significant for sarcomere length, fiber types, soluble and total collagen, cathepsin B and B + L specific activity, CDP-I and -II activity and INH activity within 1 h postmortem. However, INH total activity/100 g of muscle was greater (P less than .01) at 24 h postmortem for 5/8 SAH (208.8 +/- 14.8) and 3/8 SAH (195.6 +/- 19.3) than for H x A (136.3 +/- 14.9). For H x A, SDS-PAGE revealed that by d 1 desmin had been subjected to proteolysis, and by d 14 desmin could not be detected, but a 30,000-dalton component was clearly evident. However, in 5/8 SAH, desmin remained visible at d 14 without a 30,000-dalton component appearing. This reduced protein hydrolysis may account for less tender meat in SAH; INH apparently influences this process.
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              Effective crossbreeding systems utilizing Zebu cattle.

              L Koger (1980)
              The basic objectives and procedures for successful crossbreeding of beef cattle were considered, with special reference to the levels of realized hybrid vigor that might be anticipated for different crossbreeding programs involving the American Brahman (Z1) and European (Ej) breeds. Intralocus heterozygosis levels with respect to breed origin of genes (breed heterozygosis) were computed for various crossbreeding systems. These values were weighted by approximate relative F1 heterosis levels for different breed combinations (1.0 for Z1Ej and .3 for E1E2) to yield the estimated relative hybrid vigor levels for total performance in alternative crossbreeding systems. The estimated average maternal heterosis levels for the various systems, were respectively 0, 33, 67, 66, 50, 54 and 49% for production of F1 (EZ) calves, three-breed terminal cross calves, two-breed-of-sire (E1--Z1) rotation crosses, three-breed-of-sire (Z1--E1--E2) rotation crosses, two-breed (Z X E) synthetics, three-breed (Z1 X E1E2) synthetics and four-breed (Z1E1 X E2E3) synthetics. The respective values for calf heterosis levels were 50, 57, 67, 66, 50, 54 and 49%. Successful crossbreeding requires (1) the choice of appropriate breed combinations for the environment and production system management programs to support the increased production potential or crossbred cattle.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                1516-3598
                1806-9290
                June 2005
                : 34
                : 3
                : 946-956
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUFSM
                [06] Goiânia GO orgnameUFG
                [05] orgnameUFSM orgdiv1Departamento de Zootecnia dcafilho@ 123456ccr.ufsm.br
                [02] Goiânia GO orgnameUFG orgdiv1EV orgdiv2Departamento de Produção Animal
                [04] orgnameUFRGS
                [03] orgnameUFSM orgdiv1Departamento de Zootecnia
                Article
                S1516-35982005000300028 S1516-3598(05)03400328
                fc34a86d-9590-454d-a461-7de7a79cbd1f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 May 2004
                : 23 February 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Produção Animal

                músculo,marmoreio,maciez,heterose,gordura,Bos taurus,Bos indicus,tenderness,muscle,marbling,fat,heterosis

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