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      Manejo del embarazo en pacientes con angioedema hereditario Translated title: Management of Pregnancy in Patients with Hereditary Angioedema

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El angioedema hereditario es una rara enfermedad genética autosómica dominante que constituye una Inmunodeficiencia primaria por déficit del sistema del complemento. Se caracteriza por edemas recurrentes de la piel, mucosas y tejidos submucosos, que puede afectar cualquier parte del cuerpo; vía respiratoria y aparato digestivo. La complicación más temida es el edema de las vías respiratorias altas, que puede provocar la muerte por asfixia. El dolor abdominal puede simular un abdomen agudo. Los ataques pueden ser desencadenados por traumatismos, estrés, fármacos o infecciones. El diagnóstico se basa en el reconocimiento de las características clínicas y las alteraciones de laboratorio: presencia de C4 disminuido en suero y la ausencia o gran reducción del nivel o la función de C1 inhibidor. La enfermedad es más dura en las mujeres debido a que varía mucho con las hormonas, la menstruación y el embarazo; y es importante que los profesionales médicos sepan qué hacer cuando una paciente con esta enfermedad desea usar contraceptivos o está embarazada. El embarazo es una situación especial donde es vital el conocimiento del ginecobstetra sobre la enfermedad, su manejo profiláctico y terapéutico, pues no responde al tratamiento habitual del edema alérgico. Existen drogas contraindicadas durante la gestación. Su tratamiento de elección es la infusión de factor inhibidor de C1 del complemento. El plasma fresco congelado es una opción a considerar en caso de profilaxis a corto plazo o ataque agudo.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Hereditary angioedema is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease that constitutes a primary immunodeficiency due to deficiency of the complement system. It is characterized by recurrent edema of the skin, mucous membranes and submucosal tissues, which can affect any part of the body, respiratory tract and digestive system. The most feared complication is edema of the upper respiratory tract, which can cause death by asphyxia. Abdominal pain can simulate acute abdomen. Trauma, stress, drugs or infections can trigger seizures. The diagnosis is based on the recognition of the clinical characteristics and the laboratory alterations as the presence of decreased C4 in serum and the absence or great reduction of the level or inhibitor function of C1. This disease is more severe in women because it varies with hormones, menstruation and pregnancy; and it is important for medical professionals to know what to do when a patient with this disease wishes to use contraceptives or is pregnant. Pregnancy is a special moment when the obstetrician's knowledge of this disease, its prophylactic and therapeutic management are vital because this entity does not respond to the usual treatment of allergic edema, considering there are contraindicated drugs during pregnancy. Its treatment of choice is the infusion of complement C1 Inhibitor factor. Fresh frozen plasma is an option to consider in case of short-term prophylaxis or acute attack.

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          Most cited references23

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          US Hereditary Angioedema Association Medical Advisory Board 2013 recommendations for the management of hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency.

          The treatment of hereditary angioedema (HAE) has undergone dramatic changes as newer medicines have become available in recent years. Optimal care of these patients requires a comprehensive management plan. Although several consensus papers have been published concerning the diagnosis and treatment of HAE, guidelines for a comprehensive management plan have not been developed.
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            Management of hereditary angioedema in pregnant women: a review

            Three types of hereditary angioedema (HAE) have been described: two are due to C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency (C1-INH-HAE types I and II) and one is characterized by normal C1-INH (nC1-INH-HAE). The management of pregnancy in patients with HAE is often a clinical challenge owing to potential worsening of the disease in relation to the physiological increase in estrogens and the limited treatment options. This review addresses the potential influence of pregnancy on the clinical severity of hereditary angioedema and the management of this disease during pregnancy with currently available treatments.
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              Overview of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and disease progression in hereditary angioedema.

              Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a deficiency in functional C1 inhibitor affecting an estimated 1 in 50,000 individuals in the United States. The disease is characterized by recurrent episodes of nonpruritic swelling of the hands, feet, arms, legs, trunk, face, genitalia, bowels, and larynx beginning in childhood or adolescence and continuing throughout the patient's lifetime. There is significant variability in both the severity and frequency of edema attacks. Untreated patients may suffer an attack as often as every few days, while patients undergoing prophylactic therapy may be symptom free for a decade or more. Although disease awareness has increased following the US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2009 of a new treatment for acute HAE attacks, delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and inappropriate treatment remain significant problems. This article reviews the pathophysiology, symptoms and clinical course, and diagnostic challenges of HAE.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gin
                Revista Cubana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
                Rev Cubana Obstet Ginecol
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0138-600X
                1561-3062
                March 2019
                : 45
                : 1
                : 147-163
                Affiliations
                [1] Santa Clara orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara orgdiv1Policlínico Universitario Chiqui Gómez Cuba
                Article
                S0138-600X2019000100147 S0138-600X(19)04500100147
                fcb628d2-cf44-4461-80c0-a7bfcaf049d2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 July 2018
                : 30 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                REVISIONES BIBLIOGRAFICAS

                pregnancy,abdomen agudo,edema laríngeo,angioedema hereditario,complement system,laryngeal edema,acute abdomen,hereditary angioedema,sistema del complemento,embarazo

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