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      Transtornos alimentares: o papel dos aspectos culturais no mundo contemporâneo Translated title: Transtornos alimentarios: el papel de los aspectos culturales en el mundo contemporáneo Translated title: Eating disorders: the role of cultural aspects in the contemporary world

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          Abstract

          Os transtornos alimentares são patologias caracterizadas primordialmente pelo medo mórbido de engordar. Vários são os fatores envolvidos tanto na etiologia quanto na manutenção e na gravidade dessas doenças, principalmente fatores individuais, familiares e culturais. Em relação a estes últimos, salienta-se o papel dos aspectos históricos, estéticos, midiáticos, transculturais, socioeconômicos, raciais e de gênero. Pesquisas atuais realizadas em diversas culturas demonstram a existência de uma relação entre esses fatores e os índices de anorexia nervosa e bulimia nervosa. A busca por um padrão estético globalizado (magreza), segundo a literatura, tem um papel central no aumento do número de casos. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma discussão teórica acerca dos aspectos culturais envolvidos no aumento do número de casos de transtornos alimentares. Este trabalho pretende também destacar a necessidade de que profissionais de diversas áreas estejam atentos para os perigos do padrão de beleza atual, a fim de potencializar intervenções preventivas.

          Translated abstract

          Los transtornos alimentarios son patologías caracterizadas primordialmente por el miedo mórbido de engordar. Varios son los factores involucrados ya sea en la etiología cuanto en la manutención y en la gravedad de esas enfermidades: individuales, familiares y culturales. Con relación a esos últimos, se resalta el papel de los aspectos históricos, estéticos, midiáticos, transculturales, socio económicos, raciales y de género. Investigaciones actuales realizadas en diferentes culturas muestran la existencia de una relación entre esos factores y los índices de anorexia nervosa y bulimia nervosa. El objetivo de ese artículo es presentar una discusión a cerca de los aspectos culturales involucrados en el aumento del número de casos de transtornos alimentarios. Ese trabajo pretende también destacar la necesidad de que profesionistas de diversas áreas estean atentos para los peligros del patrón de belleza actual, con la finalidad de potencializar intervenciones preventivas.

          Translated abstract

          Eating disorders are pathologies mainly characterized by the morbid fear of gaining weight. Several factors comprise the etiology, the endurance and severity of these illnesses such as patient's individuality, family and culture. About the latter, the historical, aesthetic, the media, transcultural, socioeconomic, racial and gender roles are underlined. Recent research performed in various cultural backgrounds has shown the existence of a relationship between these factors and the levels of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The aim of this article is to show a discussion about the cultural aspects involved in the increase number of cases of eating disorders. This paper aims to underline the need of experts of various fields to be aware of the dangers of the present beauty standards, so that preventive interventions can be addressed.

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          Eating behaviours and attitudes following prolonged exposure to television among ethnic Fijian adolescent girls

          There are no published studies evaluating the impact of introduction of television on disordered eating in media-naïve populations. To assess the impact of novel, prolonged exposure to television on disordered eating attitudes and behaviours among ethnic Fijian adolescent girls. A prospective, multi-wave cross-sectional design was used to compare two samples of Fijian schoolgirls before and after prolonged regional television exposure with a modified 26-item eating attitudes test, supplemented with a semi-structured interview to confirm self-reported symptoms. Narrative data from a subset of respondents from the exposed sample were analysed for content relating television exposure to body image concerns. Key indicators of disordered eating were significantly more prevalent following exposure. Narrative data revealed subjects' interest in weight loss as a means of modelling themselves after television characters. This naturalistic experiment suggests a negative impact of television upon disordered eating attitudes and behaviours in a media-naïve population.
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            Association between socioeconomic status, weight, age and gender, and the body image and weight control practices of 6- to 19-year-old children and adolescents.

            The aim of the study was to examine the effect of socioeconomic status (SES), age, weight and gender on the body image and weight control practices of children and adolescents, and to investigate whether health education about weight issues should target low socioeconomic groups. The study participants were a randomly selected group of school children who completed a questionnaire, and had their height and weight measured. Participants (n = 1131) were aged 6-19 years from 12 schools in New South Wales. SES, age, gender, body weight, body image, skipping breakfast, physical self-esteem, attempts to lose or gain weight, and dietary and weight control advice received from others were examined. Log-linear, chi 2 and MANOVA analyses were used to determine interactions between variables. Low SES children were more likely to be overweight, to skip breakfast, to perceive themselves as 'too thin', to be trying to gain weight and less likely to receive dietary or weight control advice. Physical self-esteem was lowest among overweight girls of middle/upper SES and greatest among boys of low SES, despite the latter being more likely to be overweight. Being overweight does not appear to adversely affect the physical self-esteem of children of low SES, particularly boys. Health educators should examine these issues with young people to help make health education and nutrition education most relevant and appropriate.
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              Etiologia dos transtornos alimentares: aspectos biológicos, psicológicos e sócio-culturais

              Os transtornos alimentares possuem uma etiologia multifatorial, composta de predisposições genéticas, socioculturais e vulnerabilidades biológicas e psicológicas. Entre os fatores predisponentes, destacam-se a história de transtorno alimentar e (ou) transtorno do humor na família, os padrões de interação presentes no ambiente familiar, o contexto sociocultural, caracterizado pela extrema valorização do corpo magro, disfunções no metabolismo das monoaminas centrais e traços de personalidade. A dieta é o comportamento precursor que geralmente antecede a instalação de um transtorno alimentar. Contudo, a presença isolada da dieta não é suficiente para desencadear o transtorno alimentar, tornando-se necessária uma interação entre os fatores de risco e outros eventos precipitantes. Por último, o curso transitório ou crônico de um transtorno alimentar está relacionado à persistência de distorções cognitivas, à ocorrência de eventos vitais significativos e a alterações secundárias ao estado de desnutrição.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pe
                Psicologia em Estudo
                Psicol. Estud.
                Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1413-7372
                1807-0329
                September 2010
                : 15
                : 3
                : 575-582
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
                [02] orgnameCNPq orgdiv1Bolsista I-A
                Article
                S1413-73722010000300015
                10.1590/S1413-73722010000300015
                fcfa0281-4388-4fbb-bbda-2b6ade8ec70c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 February 2009
                : 16 May 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos

                Transtornos alimentarios,aspectos culturales,patrones de belleza,Eating disorders,cultural aspects,beauty standards,Transtornos alimentares,aspectos culturais,padrões de beleza

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