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      Behavioural trait assessment as a release criterion: boldness predicts early death in a reintroduction programme of captive-bred swift fox (Vulpes velox)

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      Animal Conservation
      Cambridge University Press (CUP)

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          Tests for emotionality in rats and mice: a review.

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            Shyness and boldness in pumpkinseed sunfish: individual differences are context-specific.

            Natural selection often promotes a mix of behavioural phenotypes in a population. Adaptive variation in the propensity to take risks might explain individual differences in shyness and boldness in humans and other species. It is often implicitly assumed that shyness and boldness are general personality traits expressed across many situations. From the evolutionary standpoint, however, individual differences that are adaptive in one context (e.g. predator defence) may not be adaptive in other contexts (e.g. exploration of the physical environment or intraspecific social interactions). We measured the context specificity of shyness and boldness in a natural population of juvenile pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus, by exposing the fish to a potentially threatening stimulus (a red-tipped metrestick extended towards the individual) and a nonthreatening stimulus (a novel food source). We also related these measures of shyness and boldness to behaviours observed during focal observations, both before and after the introduction of a predator (largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides). Consistent individual differences were found within both contexts, but individual differences did not correlate across contexts. Furthermore, fish that were scored as intermediate in their response to the metrestick behaved most boldly as foragers and in response to the bass predators. These results suggest that shyness and boldness are context-specific and may not exist as a one-dimensional behavioural continuum even within a single context. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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              The importance of behavioural studies in conservation biology.

              The exciting research developments in animal behaviour over the last two decades have had a negligible impact on conservation. I list 20 subjects in which the study of animal behaviour can make a significant contribution to conservation. Behaviour may in itself be worth conserving. I also suggest how behavioural ecologists could become more involved in conservation. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Animal Conservation
                Animal Conservation
                Cambridge University Press (CUP)
                1367-9430
                1469-1795
                August 2004
                August 2004
                : 7
                : 3
                : 313-320
                Article
                10.1017/S1367943004001490
                fd76afcc-7c93-4625-849c-7f3439411b25
                © 2004

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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