Seed tissue and nutrient partitioning, a case for the nucellus

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Abstract

Flowering plants display a large spectrum of seed architectures. The volume ratio of maternal versus zygotic seed tissues changes considerably among species and underlies different nutrient-storing strategies. Such diversity arose through the evolution of cell elimination programs that regulate the relative growth of one tissue over another to become the major storage compartment. The elimination of the nucellus maternal tissue is regulated by developmental programs that marked the origin of angiosperms and outlined the most ancient seed architectures. This review focuses on such a defining mechanism for seed evolution and discusses the role of nucellus development in seed tissues and nutrient partitioning at the light of novel discoveries on its molecular regulation.

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Morphological classification of plant cell deaths.

P Gallois, Noni V E Franklin-Tong, B Zhivotovsky … (2011)

Programmed cell death (PCD) is an integral part of plant development and of responses to abiotic stress or pathogens. Although the morphology of plant PCD is, in some cases, well characterised and molecular mechanisms controlling plant PCD are beginning to emerge, there is still confusion about the classification of PCD in plants. Here we suggest a classification based on morphological criteria. According to this classification, the use of the term 'apoptosis' is not justified in plants, but at least two classes of PCD can be distinguished: vacuolar cell death and necrosis. During vacuolar cell death, the cell contents are removed by a combination of autophagy-like process and release of hydrolases from collapsed lytic vacuoles. Necrosis is characterised by early rupture of the plasma membrane, shrinkage of the protoplast and absence of vacuolar cell death features. Vacuolar cell death is common during tissue and organ formation and elimination, whereas necrosis is typically found under abiotic stress. Some examples of plant PCD cannot be ascribed to either major class and are therefore classified as separate modalities. These are PCD associated with the hypersensitive response to biotrophic pathogens, which can express features of both necrosis and vacuolar cell death, PCD in starchy cereal endosperm and during self-incompatibility. The present classification is not static, but will be subject to further revision, especially when specific biochemical pathways are better defined.

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Arabidopsis type I metacaspases control cell death.

Jeffery Dangl, Petra Epple, Dominique Vercammen … (2010)

Metacaspases are distant relatives of animal caspases found in protozoa, fungi, and plants. Limited experimental data exist defining their function(s), despite their discovery by homology modeling a decade ago. We demonstrated that two type I metacaspases, AtMC1 and AtMC2, antagonistically control programmed cell death in Arabidopsis. AtMC1 is a positive regulator of cell death and requires conserved caspase-like putative catalytic residues for its function. AtMC2 negatively regulates cell death. This function is independent of the putative catalytic residues. Manipulation of the Arabidopsis type I metacaspase regulatory module can nearly eliminate the hypersensitive cell death response (HR) activated by plant intracellular immune receptors. This does not lead to enhanced pathogen proliferation, decoupling HR from restriction of pathogen growth.

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Molecular physiology of legume seed development.

Hans Weber, Ljudmilla Borisjuk, Ulrich Wobus (2005)

Legume seed development is characterized by progressive differentiation of organs and tissues resulting in developmental gradients. The whole process is prone to metabolic control, and distinct metabolite profiles specify the differentiation state. Whereas early embryo growth is mainly maternally controlled, the transition into maturation implies a switch to filial control. A signaling network involving sugars, ABA, and SnRK1 kinases governs maturation. Processes of maturation are activated by changing oxygen/energy levels and/or a changing nutrient state, which trigger responses at the level of transcription and protein phosphorylation. This way seed metabolism becomes adapted to altering conditions. In maturing cotyledons photoheterotrophic metabolism improves internal oxygen supply and biosynthetic fluxes and influences assimilate partitioning. Transgenic legumes with changed metabolic pathways and seed composition provide suitable models to study pathway regulation and metabolic control. At the same time, desirable improvements of seed quality and yield may be achieved.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Enrico Magnani:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2959-3714

enrico.magnani@inra.fr

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Plant Reprod

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Plant Reprod

Title: Plant Reproduction

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )

ISSN (Print): 2194-7953

ISSN (Electronic): 2194-7961

Publication date (Electronic): 5 June 2018

Publication date PMC-release: 5 June 2018

Publication date (Print): 2018

Volume: 31

Issue: 3

Pages: 309-317

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 4910 6535, GRID grid.460789.4, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, , University of Paris-Saclay, ; Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026 Versailles Cedex, France

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2171 2558, GRID grid.5842.b, Ecole Doctorale 567 Sciences du Végétal, , University Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, ; Bat 360, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

Author notes

Communicated by L. Lepiniec, H. North, G. Ingram.

Author information

Enrico Magnani http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2959-3714

Article

Publisher ID: 338

DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0338-1

PMC ID: 6105262

PubMed ID: 29869727

SO-VID: fe73a917-ab9c-4ebf-87d9-fa8cb52794a3

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

History

Date received : 8 March 2018

Date accepted : 25 April 2018

Funding

Funded by: INRA BAP

Funded by: Labex Saclay Plant Sciences-SPS

Award ID: ANR-10-LABX-0040-SPS

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004543, China Scholarship Council;

Seed tissue and nutrient partitioning, a case for the nucellus

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Most cited references 69

Morphological classification of plant cell deaths.

Arabidopsis type I metacaspases control cell death.

Molecular physiology of legume seed development.

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