Making war &amp; lots of money: the political economy of protracted conflict in Angola

Malaquias, Assis

doi:10.1080/03056240108704563

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Review of African Political Economy

Volume 28, Issue 90

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Making war & lots of money: the political economy of protracted conflict in Angola

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Author(s): Assis Malaquias ^a

Publication date (Print): December 2001

Journal: Review of African Political Economy

Publisher: Review of African Political Economy

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Abstract

The civil war in Angola has mutated into a major criminal enterprise. Once regarded as a conflict caused primarily by ethnic and class divisions exacerbated by Cold War ideological rivalries, Angola's protracted conflict is now a convenient cover used by the elites commanding the principal antagonists ‐ the governing Movimento Popular de Libertacao de Angola (MPLA) and the rebel Uniao Nacional para Independencia Total de Angola (UNITA) movement ‐ to enrich themselves. The consequences for the country and its people have been devastating. Angola is being reduced to ashes: destruction, death and incessant suffering consume the daily lives of all but a few of its citizens. This article examines the internal and external dimensions of this war for Angola's oil and diamond wealth.

Content

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): crea20

Journal ID (archive): CREA

Title: Review of African Political Economy

Publisher: Review of African Political Economy

ISSN (Print): 0305-6244

ISSN (Electronic): 1740-1720

Publication date (Print): December 2001

Volume: 28

Issue: 90

Pages: 521-536

Affiliations

^a Department of Government , St. Lawrence University , Canton , NY , 13617 , USA

Article

Publisher ID: 8704563 Coden ID: Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 28, No. 90, December 2001, pp. 521-536

DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704563

SO-VID: cee42532-138a-4288-bda6-a007ca72aa1c

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 0, References: 30, Pages: 16

Bibliography

Akinosho Toyin. . 1999. . ‘Producers Untangling Angola's Complex Deepwater Geology’. . Offshore . , February;: 34
Anderson Jon Lee. . 2000. . ‘Letter From Angola; Oil And Blood’. . The New Yorker . , 14 August;: 46
Bamber Derek. . 2001. . ‘Sub‐Saharan Africa Survey; Bright Spots in a Cloudy Future’. . Petroleum Economist . , 13 July;: 3
Beckman Jeremy. . 2001. . ‘Angola's Block 17 Could Pull $8 Billion in Investment, Produce 450,000 b/d by 2006’. . Offshore . , July;: 30
Beckwith Noah. . 1997. . ‘Angola’. . Mining Annual Review . , September;: 139
1981. . ‘A Shake‐up in Angola Puts Gulf in the Middle’. . Business Week . , 21 December;: 47
Dietrich Christian. . 2000. . “‘Power Struggle in the Diamond Fields’. ”. In Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds: . , Edited by: Cilliers Jakkie and Dietrich Christian. . Pretoria : : Institute for Security Studies. .
Global Witness. . 1999. . A Rude Awakening: The Role of Oil and Banking Industries in Angola's Civil War and the Plunder of State Assets . , London : : Global Witness. .
Hajari Nisid and Mabry Marcus. . 2001. . ‘The Worst Countries in the World’. . Newsweek . , 9 July;: 24
Harden Blaine. . 2000. . ‘Angolan Paradox: Oil Wealth Only Adds to Misery’. . The New York Times . , 9 April;: 3
Helmore Richard. . 1983. . ‘The Reorganization of Mining in Angola’. . Mining Magazine . , April;: 298
Le Billon Philippe. . 2001. . ‘Angola's Political Economy of War: The Role of Oil and Diamonds, 1975–2000’. . African Affairs . , Vol. 100((398)) January;: 64
MacAskill Ewen. . 2001. . ‘Conference Will Try to Cleanse Blood from Diamonds’. . The Guardian (London) . , 11 September;: 15
Malaquias Assis. . 2001. . ‘Diamonds are a Guerrilla's Best Friend: The Impact of Illicit Wealth on Insurgency Strategy’. . Third World Quarterly . , Vol. 22((3)) June;: 311––325. .
Masland Tom. . 2001. . ‘Bottom Of The Heap’. . Newsweek . , 9 July;: 42
Minix Dean A and Hawley Sandra M. . 1998. . Global Politics . , Belmont , CA : : West/Wadsworth. .
Misser Francois. . 1999. . ‘Angola: How Unita Beats UN Gems Embargo’. . African Business . , May;: 35––6. .
2001. . ‘The Angolagate Scandal’. . African Business . , May;: 8––11. .
Offshore. . February. 2001 . ‘Surge in Offshore West Africa Investment Forecast for 2002–2005’ . February. , p. 28
May. 2001 . “‘Billions Flowing into Western Africa for Development, More Exploration’. ”. May. , p. 34
1997. . ‘Wood Mackenzie: Angola‐The New Hot Spot’. . Oil and Gas Journal . , 1 December;: 41
Ostheimer Andrea E. . 2000. . “‘Aid Agencies: Providers of Essential Resources?’. ”. In Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds . , Edited by: Cilliers Jakkie and Dietrich Christian. . Pretoria : : Institute for Security Studies. .
Premoll Camillo. . 1992. . ‘Angola Emerges as Exploration Target’. . Engineering and Mining Journal . , July;: 32
Riddler Gordon. . 1997. . ‘Angola's Prospects’. . The Mining Journal . , 31 January;: 16
Rissik Dee. . 2000. . ‘Scramble for Oil Gathers Pace’. . Energy Day . , 31 March;: 8
Sherman Jake H. . 2000. . ‘Profit vs. Peace: The Clandestine Diamond Economy of Angola’. . Journal of International Affairs . , Vol. 53((2)) Spring;: 699––719. .
Snow Donald. . 1998. . National Security: Defense Policy in a Changed International Order . , New York : : St. Martin's Press. .
2000. . ‘Drilling Down’. . The Economist . , 10 June;
United Nations. . 2000. . Report of the Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions Against UNITA‐S/2000/203 . , New York : : United Nations. .
Valls‐Russell Janice. . 2001. . ‘Oil, Arms and Adultery in France’. . The New Leader . , Vol. 84((2)) March/April;: 12––14. .

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Akinosho Toyin. . 1999. . ‘Producers Untangling Angola's Complex Deepwater Geology’. . Offshore . , February;: 34

[2] Anderson Jon Lee. . 2000. . ‘Letter From Angola; Oil And Blood’. . The New Yorker . , 14 August;: 46

[3] Bamber Derek. . 2001. . ‘Sub‐Saharan Africa Survey; Bright Spots in a Cloudy Future’. . Petroleum Economist . , 13 July;: 3

[4] Beckman Jeremy. . 2001. . ‘Angola's Block 17 Could Pull $8 Billion in Investment, Produce 450,000 b/d by 2006’. . Offshore . , July;: 30

[5] Beckwith Noah. . 1997. . ‘Angola’. . Mining Annual Review . , September;: 139

[6] 1981. . ‘A Shake‐up in Angola Puts Gulf in the Middle’. . Business Week . , 21 December;: 47

[7] Dietrich Christian. . 2000. . “‘Power Struggle in the Diamond Fields’. ”. In Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds: . , Edited by: Cilliers Jakkie and Dietrich Christian. . Pretoria : : Institute for Security Studies. .

[8] Global Witness. . 1999. . A Rude Awakening: The Role of Oil and Banking Industries in Angola's Civil War and the Plunder of State Assets . , London : : Global Witness. .

[9] Hajari Nisid and Mabry Marcus. . 2001. . ‘The Worst Countries in the World’. . Newsweek . , 9 July;: 24

[10] Harden Blaine. . 2000. . ‘Angolan Paradox: Oil Wealth Only Adds to Misery’. . The New York Times . , 9 April;: 3

[11] Helmore Richard. . 1983. . ‘The Reorganization of Mining in Angola’. . Mining Magazine . , April;: 298

[12] Le Billon Philippe. . 2001. . ‘Angola's Political Economy of War: The Role of Oil and Diamonds, 1975–2000’. . African Affairs . , Vol. 100((398)) January;: 64

[13] MacAskill Ewen. . 2001. . ‘Conference Will Try to Cleanse Blood from Diamonds’. . The Guardian (London) . , 11 September;: 15

[14] Malaquias Assis. . 2001. . ‘Diamonds are a Guerrilla's Best Friend: The Impact of Illicit Wealth on Insurgency Strategy’. . Third World Quarterly . , Vol. 22((3)) June;: 311––325. .

[15] Masland Tom. . 2001. . ‘Bottom Of The Heap’. . Newsweek . , 9 July;: 42

[16] Minix Dean A and Hawley Sandra M. . 1998. . Global Politics . , Belmont , CA : : West/Wadsworth. .

[17] Misser Francois. . 1999. . ‘Angola: How Unita Beats UN Gems Embargo’. . African Business . , May;: 35––6. .

[18] 2001. . ‘The Angolagate Scandal’. . African Business . , May;: 8––11. .

[19] Offshore. . February. 2001 . ‘Surge in Offshore West Africa Investment Forecast for 2002–2005’ . February. , p. 28

[20] May. 2001 . “‘Billions Flowing into Western Africa for Development, More Exploration’. ”. May. , p. 34

[21] 1997. . ‘Wood Mackenzie: Angola‐The New Hot Spot’. . Oil and Gas Journal . , 1 December;: 41

[22] Ostheimer Andrea E. . 2000. . “‘Aid Agencies: Providers of Essential Resources?’. ”. In Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds . , Edited by: Cilliers Jakkie and Dietrich Christian. . Pretoria : : Institute for Security Studies. .

[23] Premoll Camillo. . 1992. . ‘Angola Emerges as Exploration Target’. . Engineering and Mining Journal . , July;: 32

[24] Riddler Gordon. . 1997. . ‘Angola's Prospects’. . The Mining Journal . , 31 January;: 16

[25] Rissik Dee. . 2000. . ‘Scramble for Oil Gathers Pace’. . Energy Day . , 31 March;: 8

[26] Sherman Jake H. . 2000. . ‘Profit vs. Peace: The Clandestine Diamond Economy of Angola’. . Journal of International Affairs . , Vol. 53((2)) Spring;: 699––719. .

[27] Snow Donald. . 1998. . National Security: Defense Policy in a Changed International Order . , New York : : St. Martin's Press. .

[28] 2000. . ‘Drilling Down’. . The Economist . , 10 June;

[29] United Nations. . 2000. . Report of the Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions Against UNITA‐S/2000/203 . , New York : : United Nations. .

[30] Valls‐Russell Janice. . 2001. . ‘Oil, Arms and Adultery in France’. . The New Leader . , Vol. 84((2)) March/April;: 12––14. .