The Influence of Climate Factors on The Prevalence of Dengue Fever in Johor

Dengue transmission occurs year-round in tropical endemic locations, however there is a unique cyclical pattern linked with the rainy season. In tropical and subtropical climates, temperature, and precipitation levels for adult vectors to be active year-round. This contributes to the disease's endemic status by perpetuating its transmission cycle. This study examines temperature and precipitation as climatic factors influencing the occurrence of dengue in Johor, Malaysia from January 2021to 2022. Daily dengue cases data was gathered from I Dengue Malaysian website dedicated to dengue fever, while satellite climate data for the same period was taken from the official website of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). A descriptive analysis was undertaken to characterise all the important variables across the study period. Correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the linear relationship between dengue cases and climate factors. A total of 5999 dengue cases reported from January 2021to December 2022. The result shows there is positive correlation between dengue cases towards rainfall and humidity ( p value <0.01). Also, the results show there is no correlation between dengue cases towards windspeed and temperature. The results indicate that climate characteristics are effective for reducing uncertainty on the severity of future dengue transmission. These correlations between climate conditions and dengue cases can be exploited to generate early warning for any future epidemic, enabling the implementation of rigorous laws and the planning of healthcare service delivery.