Dexmedetomidine protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via multiple mechanisms

Abstract

<div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="jcla24119-sec-0001"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d727794e216">Background</h5> <p id="d727794e218">Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious cardiovascular disease associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an α2‐adrenoceptor agonist, has been reported to protect against I/R injury. We examined the cardioprotective effects of Dex on cardiomyocytes under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions and explored the underlying mechanisms. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="jcla24119-sec-0002"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d727794e221">Materials and methods</h5> <p id="d727794e223">A H/R model was established to mimic the MI injury. The CCK‐8 assay was performed to measure cell viability. Cellular apoptosis was measured using the Annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐propidium iodide (PI) staining. The levels of interleukin (IL)‐1α and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using the 2'‐7’ dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) staining assay. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and caspase‐3 were measured using a commercial kit. siRNA was used to silence Bcl‐2, catalase, or STAT3. Western blotting was used to measure the change in the levels of proteins. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="jcla24119-sec-0003"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d727794e226">Results</h5> <p id="d727794e228">Dex improved the cell viability and inhibited the inflammatory response in H9c2 cells exposed to H/R treatment. In addition, Dex inhibited apoptosis and alleviated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress in H9c2 cells under the H/R treatment. Mechanism investigation showed that Dex inhibited the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, Dex enhanced the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in H/R‐treated H9c2 cells. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="jcla24119-sec-0004"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d727794e231">Conclusion</h5> <p id="d727794e233">Altogether, our findings suggested Dex as a promising therapeutic agent for myocardial I/R. </p> </div><p class="first" id="d727794e236">Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is an α‐2‐adrenoceptor agonist. In the present study, we revealed that Dex is able to increase cell viability and inhibited the inflammatory response in H9c2 cells under the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. Mechanistically, Dex treatment led to the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway which is responsible for the inhibition of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress. Thus, Dex might be a promising agent for the treatment of myocardial I/R. <div class="boxed-text panel" id="jcla24119-blkfxd-0001"> <a class="named-anchor" id="jcla24119-blkfxd-0001"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <div class="figure-container so-text-align-c"> <img alt="" class="figure" src="/document_file/3c61bc17-abf1-418b-beb0-ea957592da48/PubMedCentral/image/JCLA-36-e24119-g003.jpg"/> </div> <div class="panel-content"/> </div> </p>