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      Patient Preference and Adherence (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the growing importance of patient preference and adherence throughout the therapeutic process. Sign up for email alerts here.

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      COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability Among Women Who are Pregnant or Planning for Pregnancy in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

      research-article
      Author(s): 1
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Patient preference and adherence
      Publisher: Dove
      Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus, vaccine, pregnant, willingness, Saudi Arabia

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          Few studies in the literature deal with the acceptance of being vaccinated while pregnant. This study aimed to investigate the acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women and those who are planning for pregnancy in Saudi Arabia.

          Methods

          This cross-sectional study used an online self-administered questionnaire in Saudi Arabia between 12 June and 1 August 2021. The first section described the demographic characteristics of the study participants (five items), participants’ perceptions about COVID-19 (three items), participants’ hesitancy about receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (nine items), perceived benefits of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (four items), and motivations and causes of action for receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (three items).

          Results

          A total of 431 women who met the inclusion criteria were involved in this study. The study participants showed moderate scores in terms of their COVID-19 vaccination perception, hesitancy, perceived benefits and causes of action that ranged between 53.3% and 65.0%. The mean perception score for all participants was 8.0 (standard deviation (SD): 2.8) out of 15. The mean hesitancy score for was 27.6 (SD: 7.3) out of 45. The mean perceived benefits score was 13.0 (SD: 4.5) out of 20. The mean causes of action score was 9.0 (SD: 3.7) out of 15. Pregnant women or those who are planning to be pregnant are more hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccination (p=0.001). Those aged below 29 years who reported receiving the COVID-19 vaccine showed higher levels of perceived benefits (p<0.05).

          Conclusion

          Pregnant women and those who are planning to be pregnant have a moderate score in terms of their COVID-19 vaccination perception, hesitancy, perceived benefits and causes of action regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. More public health awareness regarding the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine are needed to gain public trust in the vaccination and the healthcare system.

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          Most cited references46

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          Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US

          Amyn A. Malik, SarahAnn McFadden, Jad Elharake … (2020)
          Background The COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely affect the U.S., which leads globally in total cases and deaths. As COVID-19 vaccines are under development, public health officials and policymakers need to create strategic vaccine-acceptance messaging to effectively control the pandemic and prevent thousands of additional deaths. Methods Using an online platform, we surveyed the U.S. adult population in May 2020 to understand risk perceptions about the COVID-19 pandemic, acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine, and trust in sources of information. These factors were compared across basic demographics. Findings Of the 672 participants surveyed, 450 (67%) said they would accept a COVID-19 vaccine if it is recommended for them. Males (72%) compared to females, older adults (≥55 years; 78%) compared to younger adults, Asians (81%) compared to other racial and ethnic groups, and college and/or graduate degree holders (75%) compared to people with less than a college degree were more likely to accept the vaccine. When comparing reported influenza vaccine uptake to reported acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine: 1) participants who did not complete high school had a very low influenza vaccine uptake (10%), while 60% of the same group said they would accept the COVID-19 vaccine; 2) unemployed participants reported lower influenza uptake and lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance when compared to those employed or retired; and, 3) Black Americans reported lower influenza vaccine uptake and lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance than all other racial groups reported in our study. Lastly, we identified geographic differences with Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) regions 2 (New York) and 5 (Chicago) reporting less than 50 percent COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Interpretation Although our study found a 67% acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine, there were noticeable demographic and geographical disparities in vaccine acceptance. Before a COVID-19 vaccine is introduced to the U.S., public health officials and policymakers must prioritize effective COVID-19 vaccine-acceptance messaging for all Americans, especially those who are most vulnerable.
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            COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries

            Julio Solís Arce, Shana Warren, Niccoló F. Meriggi … (2021)
            Widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine in our LMIC samples (mean 80.3%; median 78%; range 30.1 percentage points) compared with the United States (mean 64.6%) and Russia (mean 30.4%). Vaccine acceptance in LMICs is primarily explained by an interest in personal protection against COVID-19, while concern about side effects is the most common reason for hesitancy. Health workers are the most trusted sources of guidance about COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from this sample of LMICs suggests that prioritizing vaccine distribution to the Global South should yield high returns in advancing global immunization coverage. Vaccination campaigns should focus on translating the high levels of stated acceptance into actual uptake. Messages highlighting vaccine efficacy and safety, delivered by healthcare workers, could be effective for addressing any remaining hesitancy in the analyzed LMICs. Survey data collected across ten low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America compared with surveys from Russia and the United States reveal heterogeneity in vaccine confidence in LMICs, with healthcare providers being trusted sources of information, as well as greater levels of vaccine acceptance in these countries than in Russia and the United States.
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              Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19

              Gianmarco Troiano, Alessandra Nardi (2021)
              Objectives In 2019 a new coronavirus has been identified and many efforts have been directed towards the development of effective vaccines. However, the willingness for vaccination is deeply influenced by several factors. So the aim of our review was to analyze the theme of vaccine hesitancy during COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on vaccine hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccine. Study Design Narrative Review. Methods In November 2020 we performed a search for original peer-reviewed papers in the electronic database PubMed (MEDLINE). The key search terms were “Vaccine hesitancy AND COVID-19”. We searched for studies published during COVID 19 pandemic and reporting information about the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy. Results 15 studies were included in the review. The percentage of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was not so high (up to 86.1% students or 77.6% general population); for influenza vaccine the maximum percentage was 69%. Several factors influenced the acceptance or refusal (ethnicity, working status, religiosity, politics, gender, age, education, income, ..). The most given reasons to refuse vaccine were: being against vaccines in general, concerns about safety/thinking that a vaccine produced in a rush is too dangerous, considering the vaccine useless because of the harmless nature of COVID-19, general lack of trust, doubts about the efficiency of the vaccine, belief to be already immunized, doubt about the provenience of vaccine. Conclusions The high vaccine hesitancy, also during COVID-19 pandemic, represents an important problem, and further efforts should be done in order to support people and give them correct information about vaccines.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Patient Prefer Adherence
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Patient Prefer Adherence
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ppa
                Title: Patient preference and adherence
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Electronic): 1177-889X
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 November 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 15
                Pages: 2609-2618
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University , Mecca, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Mohammed Samannodi Department of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University , Mecca, Saudi Arabia Tel +966 125501000 Email mssamannodi@uqu.edu.sa
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-5387
                Article
                Publisher ID: 338932
                DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S338932
                PMC ID: 8633708
                SO-VID: 9cd2154e-eb95-40a3-ba70-83c224ccaa2a
                Copyright © © 2021 Samannodi.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 15 September 2021
                Date accepted : 09 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 7, References: 53, Pages: 10
                Funding
                Funded by: no funding;
                There is no funding to report.
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: covid-19,coronavirus,vaccine,pregnant,willingness,saudi arabia
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: covid-19, coronavirus, vaccine, pregnant, willingness, saudi arabia

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