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      Reliability and validity of three questionnaires measuring context-specific sedentary behaviour and associated correlates in adolescents, adults and older adults.

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          Abstract

          Reliable and valid measures of total sedentary time, context-specific sedentary behaviour (SB) and its potential correlates are useful for the development of future interventions. The purpose was to examine test-retest reliability and criterion validity of three newly developed questionnaires on total sedentary time, context-specific SB and its potential correlates in adolescents, adults and older adults.

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          Measuring agreement in method comparison studies.

          Elliot Bland, Michael Altman (1999)
          Agreement between two methods of clinical measurement can be quantified using the differences between observations made using the two methods on the same subjects. The 95% limits of agreement, estimated by mean difference +/- 1.96 standard deviation of the differences, provide an interval within which 95% of differences between measurements by the two methods are expected to lie. We describe how graphical methods can be used to investigate the assumptions of the method and we also give confidence intervals. We extend the basic approach to data where there is a relationship between difference and magnitude, both with a simple logarithmic transformation approach and a new, more general, regression approach. We discuss the importance of the repeatability of each method separately and compare an estimate of this to the limits of agreement. We extend the limits of agreement approach to data with repeated measurements, proposing new estimates for equal numbers of replicates by each method on each subject, for unequal numbers of replicates, and for replicated data collected in pairs, where the underlying value of the quantity being measured is changing. Finally, we describe a nonparametric approach to comparing methods.
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            Sedentary Behavior and Health Outcomes: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

            Leandro de Rezende, Maurício Rodrigues Lopes, Juan Rey-López … (2014)
            Objective 1) To synthesize the current observational evidence for the association between sedentary behavior and health outcomes using information from systematic reviews. 2) To assess the methodological quality of the systematic reviews found. Methodology/Principal Findings Medline; Excerpta Medica (Embase); PsycINFO; and Web of Science were searched for reviews published up to September 2013. Additional publications were provided by Sedentary Behaviour Research Network members. The methodological quality of the systematic reviews was evaluated using recommended standard criteria from AMSTAR. For each review, improper use of causal language in the description of their main results/conclusion was evaluated. Altogether, 1,044 review titles were identified, 144 were read in their entirety, and 27 were included. Based on the systematic reviews with the best methodological quality, we found in children and adolescents, strong evidence of a relationship between time spent in sedentary behavior and obesity. Moreover, moderate evidence was observed for blood pressure and total cholesterol, self-esteem, social behavior problems, physical fitness and academic achievement. In adults, we found strong evidence of a relationship between sedentary behavior and all-cause mortality, fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In addition, there is moderate evidence for incidence rates of ovarian, colon and endometrial cancers. Conclusions This overview based on the best available systematics reviews, shows that sedentary behavior may be an important determinant of health, independently of physical activity. However, the relationship is complex because it depends on the type of sedentary behavior and the age group studied. The relationship between sedentary behavior and many health outcomes remains uncertain; thus, further studies are warranted.
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              Validation of wearable monitors for assessing sedentary behavior.

              Sarah Kozey-Keadle, Amanda Libertine, Kate Lyden … (2011)
              A primary barrier to elucidating the association between sedentary behavior (SB) and health outcomes is the lack of valid monitors to assess SB in a free-living environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of commercially available monitors to assess SB. Twenty overweight (mean ± SD: body mass index = 33.7 ± 5.7 kg·m(-2)) inactive, office workers age 46.5 ± 10.7 yr were directly observed for two 6-h periods while wearing an activPAL (AP) and an ActiGraph GT3X (AG). During the second observation, participants were instructed to reduce sitting time. We assessed the validity of the commonly used cut point of 100 counts per minute (AG100) and several additional AG cut points for defining SB. We used direct observation (DO) using focal sampling with duration coding to record either sedentary (sitting/lying) or nonsedentary behavior. The accuracy and precision of the monitors and the sensitivity of the monitors to detect reductions in sitting time were assessed using mixed-model repeated-measures analyses. On average, the AP and the AG100 underestimated sitting time by 2.8% and 4.9%, respectively. The correlation between the AP and DO was R2 = 0.94, and the AG100 and DO sedentary minutes was R2 = 0.39. Only the AP was able to detect reductions in sitting time. The AG 150-counts-per-minute threshold demonstrated the lowest bias (1.8%) of the AG cut points. The AP was more precise and more sensitive to reductions in sitting time than the AG, and thus, studies designed to assess SB should consider using the AP. When the AG monitor is used, 150 counts per minute may be the most appropriate cut point to define SB.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act
                Title: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity
                Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 1479-5868
                ISSN (Print): 1479-5868
                Publication date (Electronic): Sep 17 2015
                Volume: 12
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium. Cedric.Busschaert@UGent.be.
                [2 ] Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium. Cedric.Busschaert@UGent.be.
                [3 ] Department Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium. Ilse.Debourdeaudhuij@UGent.be.
                [4 ] Department Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium. Veerle.vanholle@ugent.be.
                [5 ] Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium. Veerle.vanholle@ugent.be.
                [6 ] School of Health and Life Science, Institute of Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK. Sebastien.Chastin@gcu.ac.uk.
                [7 ] Department Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium. greet.cardon@ugent.be.
                [8 ] Department Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium. katrien.decocker@ugent.be.
                [9 ] Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium. katrien.decocker@ugent.be.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: 10.1186/s12966-015-0277-2
                DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0277-2
                PMC ID: 4574538
                PubMed ID: 26381488
                SO-VID: 334aceef-735e-4bb7-b184-5ec1ee244912
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