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      Paediatric hospitalisations due to COVID-19 during the first SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) variant wave in South Africa: a multicentre observational study.

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          Abstract

          South Africa reported a notable increase in COVID-19 cases from mid-November, 2021, onwards, starting in Tshwane District, which coincided with the rapid community spread of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. This increased infection rate coincided with a rapid increase in paediatric COVID-19-associated admissions to hospital (hereafter referred to as hospitalisations).

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          The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus : classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2

          Alexander E. Gorbalenya, Susan C. Baker, Ralph Baric … (2020)
          The present outbreak of a coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the third documented spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans in only two decades that has resulted in a major epidemic. The Coronaviridae Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, which is responsible for developing the classification of viruses and taxon nomenclature of the family Coronaviridae, has assessed the placement of the human pathogen, tentatively named 2019-nCoV, within the Coronaviridae. Based on phylogeny, taxonomy and established practice, the CSG recognizes this virus as forming a sister clade to the prototype human and bat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) of the species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, and designates it as SARS-CoV-2. In order to facilitate communication, the CSG proposes to use the following naming convention for individual isolates: SARS-CoV-2/host/location/isolate/date. While the full spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans remains to be determined, the independent zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for studying viruses at the species level to complement research focused on individual pathogenic viruses of immediate significance. This will improve our understanding of virus–host interactions in an ever-changing environment and enhance our preparedness for future outbreaks.
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            Epidemiological Characteristics of 2143 Pediatric Patients With 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China

            Yuanyuan Dong, Xi Mo, Yabin Hu … (2020)
            To identify the epidemiological characteristics and transmission patterns of pediatric patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China.
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              Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa

              Raquel Viana, Sikhulile Moyo, Daniel G. Amoako … (2022)
              The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in southern Africa has been characterized by three distinct waves. The first was associated with a mix of SARS-CoV-2 lineages, while the second and third waves were driven by the Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants, respectively 1–3 . In November 2021, genomic surveillance teams in South Africa and Botswana detected a new SARS-CoV-2 variant associated with a rapid resurgence of infections in Gauteng province, South Africa. Within three days of the first genome being uploaded, it was designated a variant of concern (Omicron, B.1.1.529) by the World Health Organization and, within three weeks, had been identified in 87 countries. The Omicron variant is exceptional for carrying over 30 mutations in the spike glycoprotein, which are predicted to influence antibody neutralization and spike function 4 . Here we describe the genomic profile and early transmission dynamics of Omicron, highlighting the rapid spread in regions with high levels of population immunity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Lancet Child Adolesc Health
                Title: The Lancet. Child & adolescent health
                Publisher: Elsevier BV
                ISSN (Electronic): 2352-4650
                ISSN (Print): 2352-4642
                Publication date (Electronic): May 2022
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 5
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre for Maternal, Fetal, Newborn and Child Health Care Strategies, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa. Electronic address: jeane.cloete@up.ac.za.
                [2 ] Centre for Maternal, Fetal, Newborn and Child Health Care Strategies, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Family Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Tshwane District Health Services, Gauteng Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa.
                [3 ] National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa.
                [4 ] Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre for Maternal, Fetal, Newborn and Child Health Care Strategies, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
                [5 ] Department of Paediatrics, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.
                [6 ] Tshwane District Health Services, Gauteng Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa.
                [7 ] Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
                [8 ] National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.
                [9 ] Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
                [10 ] Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre for Maternal, Fetal, Newborn and Child Health Care Strategies, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Tshwane District Health Services, Gauteng Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2352-4642(22)00027-X
                DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00027-X
                PMC ID: 8856663
                PubMed ID: 35189083
                SO-VID: eafbb205-3cb9-4f1e-a9bf-d5eb6176ece2
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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