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      Abdominal angiostrongyliasis, report of two cases and analysis of published reports from Colombia Translated title: Angiostrongiliasis abdominal, reporte de dos casos y análisis de los casos publicados en Colombia

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          Abstract

          Abstract Abdominal angiostrongyliasis is a parasitic zoonosis, endemic in the American continent. Its etiological agent is Angiostrongylus costaricensis, a nematode whose definitive hosts are rats and other rodents and the intermediate hosts, slugs. Mammals acquire the infection by consuming vegetables contaminated with L3 larvae. The disease shows a heterogeneous clinical spectrum and given its low incidence its diagnosis is a great challenge. In Colombia, the first case was reported in 1979 and until 1998, only five additional cases have been reported. However, in the last two decades, no new cases were reported. Here we discuss two cases of children from Huila and Caquetá departments who developed the disease. Both cases required long in-patient care and multiple surgical interventions. The diagnosis was achieved by histopathological observation of parasitic elements inside the mesenteric arteries. One of the children died while the other fully recovered. We discuss the epidemiology, pathogenic cycle, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention strategies of this disease paying particular attention to our patients’ features and the Colombian context.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen La angiostrongiloidiasis abdominal es una zoonosis parasitaria endémica en el continente americano. Su agente etiológico es el nematodo Angiostrongylus costaricensis, cuyos huéspedes definitivos son los roedores y, los intermediarios, los caracoles y las babosas, por lo que se adquiere al consumir vegetales contaminados con larvas en estadio 3. La presentación clínica es muy variada y, dada su rareza, su diagnóstico es un desafío. En Colombia el primer caso se reportó en 1979 y, desde entonces hasta 1998, se han informado cinco casos más, aunque en las últimas dos décadas no se había reportado ningún caso. Se describen aquí dos casos de angiostrongiloidiasis en niños provenientes de los departamentos de Huila y Caquetá que requirieron una larga hospitalización y múltiples intervenciones quirúrgicas. El diagnóstico se logró al observar en los especímenes quirúrgicos larvas and huevos cuya morfología sugería una infección por nematodos; uno de los pacientes murió y el otro se recuperó satisfactoriamente. Se discuten la epidemiología, la patogenia, la presentación clínica, el diagnóstico y las estrategias de prevención de esta parasitosis, con énfasis en las características particulares de los casos descritos y en el contexto colombiano.

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          Most cited references40

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          Life history and redescription of Angiostrongylus costaricensis Morera and Céspedes, 1971.

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            First record of a nematode Metastrongyloidea (Aelurostrongylus abstrusus larvae) in Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica (Mollusca, Achatinidae) in Brazil.

            Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica was introduced in Brazil in the 1980s for commercial purposes ("escargot" farming) and nowadays, mainly by human activity, it is widespread in at least 23 out of 26 Brazilian states and Brasília, including the Amazonian region and natural reserves, where besides a general nuisance for people it is a pest and also a public health concern, since it is one of the natural intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, ethiological agent of the meningoencephalitis in Asia. As Brazil is experiencing the explosive phase of the invasion, the Laboratório de Malacologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz has been receiving samples of these molluscs for identification and search for Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Angiostrongylus costaricensis larvae. While examining samples of A. fulica different nematode larvae were obtained, including Aelurostrongylus, whose different species are parasites of felids, dogs, primates, and badger. Morphological and morphometric analyses presented herein indicated the species Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, as well as the occurrence of other nematode larvae (Strongyluris-like) found in the interior of the pallial cavity of A. fulica. This is the first report in Brazil of the development of A. abstrusus infective larvae in A. fulica evidencing the veterinary importance of this mollusc in the transmission of A. abstrusus to domestic cats. Since the spread of A. fulica is pointed out in the literature as one of the main causative spread of the meningoencephalitis caused by A. cantonensis the authors emphasize the need of sanitary vigilance of snails and rats from vulnerable areas for A. cantonensis introduction as the port side areas.
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              Abdominal Angiostrongylosis in Southern Brazil - Prevalence and Parasitic Burden in Mollusc Intermediate Hosts from Eighteen Endemic Foci

              Angiostrongylus costaricensis is a parasitic nematode of rodents and molluscs are the intermediate hosts. Nocturnal collection of molluscs and search for infective third stage larvae of A. costaricensis was carried out in 18 endemic foci identified by the notification of a confirmed diagnosis in human biopsies or surgical specimens. Molluscs were digested in acidic solution and isolation of larvae eventually present was done in a Baermann funnel. Larvae identified by the presence of a delicate groove in the tail were counted to assess the individual parasitic burden. Four species were found infected, with ranges of prevalence in parenthesis: Phyllocaulis variegatus (7% to 33.3%); Bradybaena similaris (11.7% to 24.1%); Belocaulus angustipes (8.3% ) and Phyllocaulis soleiformis (3.3% to 14.2%). Parasitic burden varied from 1 to 75 with P. variegatus, 1 to 98 with B. similaris, 1 to 13 with B. angustipes and 1 larvae in each of two specimens of P. soleiformis. P. variegatus was present in all sites and was found infected with the highest prevalence figures and the highest individual parasitic burdens. These data stress the importance of veronicellid slugs as intermediate hosts for A. costaricensis in the endemic areas in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bio
                Biomédica
                Biomed.
                Instituto Nacional de Salud (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0120-4157
                2590-7379
                June 2020
                : 40
                : 2
                : 233-242
                Affiliations
                [2] Colombia Pasto orgnameHospital Universitario Departamental de Nariño orgdiv1Departamento de Patología
                [5] Bogotá, D.C orgnameFacultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas Colombia
                [3] Bogotá, D.C orgnameHospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá orgdiv1Departamento de Patología y Laboratorios Colombia
                [1] Neiva orgnameHospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo orgdiv1Departamento de Patología Colombia
                [4] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Departamento de Microbiología Colombia
                Article
                S0120-41572020000200233 S0120-4157(20)04000200233
                10.7705/biomedica.5043
                ddda898f-9e18-4b28-a771-f1d5172bcaba

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 May 2019
                : 19 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Case report

                Colombia,informes de casos,infecciones por Strongylida/diagnóstico,Angiostrongylus,case reports,Strongylida infections/diagnosis

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