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      Effects of gender, digit ratio, and menstrual cycle on intrinsic brain functional connectivity: A whole-brain, voxel-wise exploratory study using simultaneous local and global functional connectivity mapping.

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          Abstract

          Gender and sex hormones influence brain function, but their effects on functional network organization within the brain are not yet understood.

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          The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory

          R.C. Oldfield (1971)
          Article 0 comments Cited 2820 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain.

            N. Tzourio-Mazoyer, B Landeau, D Papathanassiou … (2002)
            An anatomical parcellation of the spatially normalized single-subject high-resolution T1 volume provided by the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) (D. L. Collins et al., 1998, Trans. Med. Imag. 17, 463-468) was performed. The MNI single-subject main sulci were first delineated and further used as landmarks for the 3D definition of 45 anatomical volumes of interest (AVOI) in each hemisphere. This procedure was performed using a dedicated software which allowed a 3D following of the sulci course on the edited brain. Regions of interest were then drawn manually with the same software every 2 mm on the axial slices of the high-resolution MNI single subject. The 90 AVOI were reconstructed and assigned a label. Using this parcellation method, three procedures to perform the automated anatomical labeling of functional studies are proposed: (1) labeling of an extremum defined by a set of coordinates, (2) percentage of voxels belonging to each of the AVOI intersected by a sphere centered by a set of coordinates, and (3) percentage of voxels belonging to each of the AVOI intersected by an activated cluster. An interface with the Statistical Parametric Mapping package (SPM, J. Ashburner and K. J. Friston, 1999, Hum. Brain Mapp. 7, 254-266) is provided as a freeware to researchers of the neuroimaging community. We believe that this tool is an improvement for the macroscopical labeling of activated area compared to labeling assessed using the Talairach atlas brain in which deformations are well known. However, this tool does not alleviate the need for more sophisticated labeling strategies based on anatomical or cytoarchitectonic probabilistic maps.
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              The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease.

              Randy L. Buckner, Jessica Andrews-Hanna, Daniel Schacter (2008)
              Thirty years of brain imaging research has converged to define the brain's default network-a novel and only recently appreciated brain system that participates in internal modes of cognition. Here we synthesize past observations to provide strong evidence that the default network is a specific, anatomically defined brain system preferentially active when individuals are not focused on the external environment. Analysis of connectional anatomy in the monkey supports the presence of an interconnected brain system. Providing insight into function, the default network is active when individuals are engaged in internally focused tasks including autobiographical memory retrieval, envisioning the future, and conceiving the perspectives of others. Probing the functional anatomy of the network in detail reveals that it is best understood as multiple interacting subsystems. The medial temporal lobe subsystem provides information from prior experiences in the form of memories and associations that are the building blocks of mental simulation. The medial prefrontal subsystem facilitates the flexible use of this information during the construction of self-relevant mental simulations. These two subsystems converge on important nodes of integration including the posterior cingulate cortex. The implications of these functional and anatomical observations are discussed in relation to possible adaptive roles of the default network for using past experiences to plan for the future, navigate social interactions, and maximize the utility of moments when we are not otherwise engaged by the external world. We conclude by discussing the relevance of the default network for understanding mental disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1218 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Brain Behav
                Title: Brain and behavior
                Publisher: Wiley
                ISSN (Electronic): 2162-3279
                Publication date (Electronic): January 2018
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of System Neurophysiology Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan.
                [2 ] Wakayama-Minami Radiology Clinic Wakayama Japan.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: BRB3890
                DOI: 10.1002/brb3.890
                PMC ID: 5853634
                PubMed ID: 29568687
                SO-VID: fe3c0a82-d46b-46d6-83a8-2127d5bf65c3
                History

                Keywords: prenatal sex hormones,2D:4D digit ratio,fMRI,menstrual cycle,normalized alpha centrality
                Data availability:
                Keywords: prenatal sex hormones, 2D:4D digit ratio, fMRI, menstrual cycle, normalized alpha centrality

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