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      Transmissible gastroenteritis in piglets:A model of infantile viral diarrhea

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      The Journal of Pediatrics
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          Piglets infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus, compared to matched-fed littermates, had massive diarrhea characterized by increased quantities and concentrations of sodium, potassium, and chloride. Determinations of Na-K-ATPase in mucosal homogenates from small and large intestine revealed decreased activity of this enzyme in the upper small bowel. Our data indicate that a defect in active sodium transport in this region may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the diarrhea. Further studies using this model should help to define the mechanisms producing diarrhea in acute infantile gastroenteritis.

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          An accurate and rapid method for the determination of proteins in small amounts of blood serum and plasma.

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            Electrodes for blood pO2 and pCO2 determination.

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              Stimulation of intestinal mucosal adenyl cyclase by cholera enterotoxin and prostaglandins.

              The effects of several prostaglandins (PG) and a highly purified preparation of cholera enterotoxin (CT) on intestinal mucosal adenyl cyclase activity and the effect of CT on intestinal mucosal cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate concentration were determined in guinea pig and rabbit small intestine and were correlated with the effects of the same agents on ion transport. Adenyl cyclase activity, measured in a crude membrane fraction of the mucosa, was found at all levels of the small intestine with the highest activity per milligram protein in the duodenum. The prostaglandins, when added directly to the assay, increased adenyl cyclase activity; the greatest effect (2-fold increase) was obtained with PGE(1) (maximal effect at 0.03 mM) and PGE(2). The prostaglandins also increased short-circuit current (SCC) in isolated guinea pig ileal mucosa, with PGE(1) and PGE(2) again giving the greatest effects. The prior addition of theophylline (10 mM) reduced the subsequent SCC response to PGE(1) and vice versa. It was concluded, therefore, that the SCC response to PGE(1), like the response to theophylline, represented active Cl secretion. CT increased adenyl cyclase activity in guinea pig and rabbit ileal mucosa when preincubated with the mucosa from 1 to 2.5 hr in vitro or for 2.5 hr in vivo but not when added directly to the assay. The increments in activity caused by PGE(1) and NaF were the same in CT-treated and control mucosa. Cyclic 3',5'-AMP concentration in rabbit ileal mucosa was increased 3.5-fold after a 2 hr preincubation with CT in vitro. Phosphodiesterase activity in the crude membrane fraction of the mucosa was unaffected by either CT or PGE(1). A variety of other agents including insulin, glucagon, parathormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, L-thyroxine, thyrocalcitonin, vasopressin, and epinephrine all failed to change adenyl cyclase activity. It is concluded that CT and certain prostaglandins produce small intestinal fluid secretion by increasing mucosal adenyl cyclase activity, thereby stimulating an active secretory process.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                The Journal of Pediatrics
                The Journal of Pediatrics
                Elsevier BV
                00223476
                June 1972
                June 1972
                : 80
                : 6
                : 925-931
                Article
                10.1016/S0022-3476(72)80003-9
                73401888-5a22-42a2-9647-24a89d50dd54
                © 1972

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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