The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization.

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Abstract

The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats.

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Most cited references 155

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SMART, a simple modular architecture research tool: identification of signaling domains.

J. Schultz, F Milpetz, P. Bork … (1998)

Accurate multiple alignments of 86 domains that occur in signaling proteins have been constructed and used to provide a Web-based tool (SMART: simple modular architecture research tool) that allows rapid identification and annotation of signaling domain sequences. The majority of signaling proteins are multidomain in character with a considerable variety of domain combinations known. Comparison with established databases showed that 25% of our domain set could not be deduced from SwissProt and 41% could not be annotated by Pfam. SMART is able to determine the modular architectures of single sequences or genomes; application to the entire yeast genome revealed that at least 6.7% of its genes contain one or more signaling domains, approximately 350 greater than previously annotated. The process of constructing SMART predicted (i) novel domain homologues in unexpected locations such as band 4.1-homologous domains in focal adhesion kinases; (ii) previously unknown domain families, including a citron-homology domain; (iii) putative functions of domain families after identification of additional family members, for example, a ubiquitin-binding role for ubiquitin-associated domains (UBA); (iv) cellular roles for proteins, such predicted DEATH domains in netrin receptors further implicating these molecules in axonal guidance; (v) signaling domains in known disease genes such as SPRY domains in both marenostrin/pyrin and Midline 1; (vi) domains in unexpected phylogenetic contexts such as diacylglycerol kinase homologues in yeast and bacteria; and (vii) likely protein misclassifications exemplified by a predicted pleckstrin homology domain in a Candida albicans protein, previously described as an integrin.

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TRP channels.

Kartik Venkatachalam, Craig Montell (2007)

The TRP (Transient Receptor Potential) superfamily of cation channels is remarkable in that it displays greater diversity in activation mechanisms and selectivities than any other group of ion channels. The domain organizations of some TRP proteins are also unusual, as they consist of linked channel and enzyme domains. A unifying theme in this group is that TRP proteins play critical roles in sensory physiology, which include contributions to vision, taste, olfaction, hearing, touch, and thermo- and osmosensation. In addition, TRP channels enable individual cells to sense changes in their local environment. Many TRP channels are activated by a variety of different stimuli and function as signal integrators. The TRP superfamily is divided into seven subfamilies: the five group 1 TRPs (TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPN, and TRPA) and two group 2 subfamilies (TRPP and TRPML). TRP channels are important for human health as mutations in at least four TRP channels underlie disease.

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Gene prediction in eukaryotes with a generalized hidden Markov model that uses hints from external sources

Mario Stanke, Oliver Schöffmann, Burkhard Morgenstern … (2006)

Background In order to improve gene prediction, extrinsic evidence on the gene structure can be collected from various sources of information such as genome-genome comparisons and EST and protein alignments. However, such evidence is often incomplete and usually uncertain. The extrinsic evidence is usually not sufficient to recover the complete gene structure of all genes completely and the available evidence is often unreliable. Therefore extrinsic evidence is most valuable when it is balanced with sequence-intrinsic evidence. Results We present a fairly general method for integration of external information. Our method is based on the evaluation of hints to potentially protein-coding regions by means of a Generalized Hidden Markov Model (GHMM) that takes both intrinsic and extrinsic information into account. We used this method to extend the ab initio gene prediction program AUGUSTUS to a versatile tool that we call AUGUSTUS+. In this study, we focus on hints derived from matches to an EST or protein database, but our approach can be used to include arbitrary user-defined hints. Our method is only moderately effected by the length of a database match. Further, it exploits the information that can be derived from the absence of such matches. As a special case, AUGUSTUS+ can predict genes under user-defined constraints, e.g. if the positions of certain exons are known. With hints from EST and protein databases, our new approach was able to predict 89% of the exons in human chromosome 22 correctly. Conclusion Sensitive probabilistic modeling of extrinsic evidence such as sequence database matches can increase gene prediction accuracy. When a match of a sequence interval to an EST or protein sequence is used it should be treated as compound information rather than as information about individual positions.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Genome Biol.

Title: Genome biology

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISSN (Electronic): 1474-760X

ISSN (Print): 1474-7596

Publication date (Electronic): Apr 24 2015

Volume: 16

Affiliations

[1 ] School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790, USA. bmsadd@ilstu.edu.

[2 ] Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland. bmsadd@ilstu.edu.

[3 ] Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland. BARRIBEAUS14@ecu.edu.

[4 ] Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA. BARRIBEAUS14@ecu.edu.

[5 ] Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. guy.bloch@mail.huji.ac.il.

[6 ] Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. Dirk.deGraaf@UGent.be.

[7 ] Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. peter.dearden@otago.ac.nz.

[8 ] Division of Animal Sciences, Division of Plant Sciences, and MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. elsikc@missouri.edu.

[9 ] Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. elsikc@missouri.edu.

[10 ] School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. jgadau@asu.edu.

[11 ] Center for Functional and Comparative Insect Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. cgrimmelikhuijzen@bio.ku.dk.

[12 ] University of Hohenheim, Institute of Animal Science, Garbenstrasse 17, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany. martin.hasselmann@uni-hohenheim.de.

[13 ] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA. jlozier@as.ua.edu.

[14 ] Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. hughrobe@uiuc.edu.

[15 ] Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. guy.smagghe@ugent.be.

[16 ] Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. eckart.stolle@zoologie.uni-halle.de.

[17 ] Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. Matthias.VanVaerenbergh@UGent.be.

[18 ] Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. robert.waterhouse@unige.ch.

[19 ] Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. robert.waterhouse@unige.ch.

[20 ] Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. robert.waterhouse@unige.ch.

[21 ] The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. robert.waterhouse@unige.ch.

[22 ] Westfalian Wilhelms University, Institute of Evolution and Biodiversity, Huefferstrasse 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany. ebb.admin@wwu.de.

[23 ] Westfalian Wilhelms University, Institute of Evolution and Biodiversity, Huefferstrasse 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany. s.klasberg@uni-muenster.de.

[24 ] Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. genetics.gal@gmail.com.

[25 ] Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. francisco.camara@crg.eu.

[26 ] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. francisco.camara@crg.eu.

[27 ] Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. roderic.guigo@crg.eu.

[28 ] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. roderic.guigo@crg.eu.

[29 ] Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 47, 17487, Greifswald, Germany. katharina.hoff@uni-greifswald.de.

[30 ] Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. marco.mariotti.mm@gmail.com.

[31 ] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. marco.mariotti.mm@gmail.com.

[32 ] Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. monica.cecilia@gmail.com.

[33 ] Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. monica.cecilia@gmail.com.

[34 ] National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA. murphyte@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

[35 ] Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. didac.santesmasses@crg.eu.

[36 ] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. didac.santesmasses@crg.eu.

[37 ] School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. Gro.Amdam@asu.edu.

[38 ] Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Food Science, N-1432, Aas, Norway. Gro.Amdam@asu.edu.

[39 ] School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. m.beckers@uea.ac.uk.

[40 ] Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. martin.beye@uni-duesseldorf.de.

[41 ] University of Hohenheim, Institute of Animal Science, Garbenstrasse 17, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany. mbiewer@uni-koeln.de.

[42 ] University of Cologne, Institute of Genetics, Cologne, Germany. mbiewer@uni-koeln.de.

[43 ] Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. mmgbit@usp.br.

[44 ] Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Edinburgh Genomics, The Ashworth Laboratories, The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK. mark.blaxter@ed.ac.uk.

[45 ] School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. a.bourke@uea.ac.uk.

[46 ] School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK. mark.brown@rhul.ac.uk.

[47 ] Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland. s.d.buechel@gmail.com.

[48 ] Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. rosannah45@gmail.com.

[49 ] Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. Kaat.Cappelle@UGent.be.

[50 ] Maynooth University Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co, Kildare, Ireland. James.Carolan@nuim.ie.

[51 ] Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. olchrist.christiaens@ugent.be.

[52 ] School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK. kate.ciborowski@googlemail.com.

[53 ] Land and Water Flagship CSIRO, Canberra, Australia. david.clarke@csiro.au.

[54 ] Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. tcolgan@tcd.ie.

[55 ] School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. david.collins@uea.ac.uk.

[56 ] Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. andrew.cridge@otago.ac.nz.

[57 ] School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. t.dalmay@uea.ac.uk.

[58 ] Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK. stephaniedreier21@gmail.com.

[59 ] Theoretical Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland. louis.duplessis@env.ethz.ch.

[60 ] Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland. louis.duplessis@env.ethz.ch.

[61 ] Computational Evolution, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland. louis.duplessis@env.ethz.ch.

[62 ] Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. elizabeth.duncan@otago.ac.nz.

[63 ] Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. silvio.erler@zoologie.uni-halle.de.

[64 ] USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Maryland, USA. jay.evans@ars.usda.gov.

[65 ] Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. tiagofalcon@usp.br.

[66 ] Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, USA. kbflores@ncsu.edu.

[67 ] Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. flaviacpfreitas@gmail.com.

[68 ] Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. oioitaro@gmail.com.

[69 ] Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. oioitaro@gmail.com.

[70 ] Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. tanja.gempe@uni-duesseldorf.de.

[71 ] Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. klaus@fmrp.usp.br.

[72 ] Center for Functional and Comparative Insect Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. fhauser@bio.ku.dk.

[73 ] Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. sophie.helbing@zoologie.uni-halle.de.

[74 ] Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, 15991-502, Matão, Brazil. fchumann@ifsp.edu.br.

[75 ] Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. franoirvine@gmail.com.

[76 ] Land and Water Flagship CSIRO, Canberra, Australia. lars.jermiin@csiro.au.

[77 ] Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44791, USA. johnson.5005@osu.edu.

[78 ] Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK. a.jones@brookes.ac.uk.

[79 ] Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China. Tatsuhiko.Kadowaki@xjtlu.edu.cn.

[80 ] Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. jonathan.kidner@zoologie.uni-halle.de.

[81 ] Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. vasco.koch@uni-duesseldorf.de.

[82 ] Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. arian.koehler@uni-duesseldorf.de.

[83 ] Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. kraus@zoologie.uni-halle.de.

[84 ] Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany. kraus@zoologie.uni-halle.de.

[85 ] Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. lattorff@zoologie.uni-halle.de.

[86 ] German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. lattorff@zoologie.uni-halle.de.

[87 ] Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. megan.leask@gmail.com.

[88 ] University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. g.a.lockett@soton.ac.uk.

[89 ] Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. ebm3@le.ac.uk.

[90 ] Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. dsmarcoantonio@usp.br.

[91 ] Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland. monika.marxer@env.ethz.ch.

[92 ] Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. ivan.meeus@UGent.be.

[93 ] Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. robin.moritz@zoologie.uni-halle.de.

[94 ] Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. ajay.nair14@me.com.

[95 ] Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland. kathrin.naepflin@env.ethz.ch.

[96 ] Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. inganissen@gmx.net.

[97 ] Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. jinzhi.niu@ugent.be.

[98 ] Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, Brazil. francis.nunes@ufscar.br.

[99 ] Land and Water Flagship CSIRO, Canberra, Australia. john.oakeshott@csiro.au.

[100 ] Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. amy.osborne@otago.ac.nz.

[101 ] Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. marianne.otte@email.de.

[102 ] Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil. dgpinheiro@fcav.unesp.br.

[103 ] Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. rossie@uni-duesseldorf.de.

[104 ] Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC, 27403, USA. olav_rueppell@uncg.edu.

[105 ] Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. cgsbio@gmail.com.

[106 ] Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland. rsh@env.ethz.ch.

[107 ] Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. Bjoern.Schmitt@uni-duesseldorf.de.

[108 ] Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. Christina.Schulte@uni-duesseldorf.de.

[109 ] Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. zlpsimoe@usp.br.

[110 ] Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. miprioli@gmail.com.

[111 ] Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece. swevers@bio.demokritos.gr.

[112 ] Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany. eva.winnebeck@med.lmu.de.

[113 ] School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. f.wolschin@gmail.com.

[114 ] Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Food Science, N-1432, Aas, Norway. f.wolschin@gmail.com.

[115 ] Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. na.yu@ugent.be.

[116 ] Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. Evgeny.Zdobnov@unige.ch.

[117 ] Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. Evgeny.Zdobnov@unige.ch.

[118 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. uhpesh@gmail.com.

[119 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. kerstinb@bcm.edu.

[120 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. mcoyle@bcm.edu.

[121 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. franciscol@livemail.uthscsa.edu.

[122 ] Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. aghernan@illinois.edu.

[123 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. mholder@bcm.edu.

[124 ] Department of Crop Sciences and Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. mhudson@illinois.edu.

[125 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. larondaj@bcm.edu.

[126 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. jayaseel@bcm.edu.

[127 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. vanditajoshi@gmail.com.

[128 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. ckovar@bcm.edu.

[129 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. sllee@bcm.edu.

[130 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. Robert.mata.jr@gmail.com.

[131 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. Tittu.Mathew@bcm.edu.

[132 ] Molecular Genetic Technology Program, School of Health Professions, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 2, Houston, TX, 77025, USA. inewsham@mdanderson.org.

[133 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. bearrnn@hotmail.com.

[134 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. gokwuonu@bcm.edu.

[135 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. c.duy.pham@gmail.com.

[136 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. lpu1562633518@gmail.com.

[137 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. nehads@bcm.edu.

[138 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. jirehs@bcm.edu.

[139 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. DeNard.Simmons@utsa.edu.

[140 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. rthornto@bcm.edu.

[141 ] Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. aartiv@uchicago.edu.

[142 ] Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. k-walden@life.illinois.edu.

[143 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. ywu@mdanderson.org.

[144 ] Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. Griet.Debyser@UGent.be.

[145 ] Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. Bart.Devreese@UGent.be.

[146 ] Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK. Claireasher13@gmail.com.

[147 ] Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. julie.blommaert@xtra.co.nz.

[148 ] Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. ariel.chipman@mail.huji.ac.il.

[149 ] Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK. l.chittka@qmul.ac.uk.

[150 ] Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. bertrand.fouks@zoologie.uni-halle.de.

[151 ] Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC, 27403, USA. bertrand.fouks@zoologie.uni-halle.de.

[152 ] Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. jasonleu.jisheng.liu@gmail.com.

[153 ] School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. jasonleu.jisheng.liu@gmail.com.

[154 ] Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. meaghan.p.oneill@gmail.com.

[155 ] School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK. Seirian.Sumner@Bristol.ac.uk.

[156 ] Center for Computational Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. dpuiu@jhu.edu.

[157 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. jiaxinqu@yahoo.com.

[158 ] Center for Computational Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. salzberg@jhu.edu.

[159 ] School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. sscherer@bcm.edu.

[160 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. donnam@bcm.edu.

[161 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. stephenr@bcm.edu.

[162 ] Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Entomology, Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. generobi@illinois.edu.

[163 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. agibbs@bcm.edu.

[164 ] Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland. psh@env.ethz.ch.

[165 ] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. kworley@bcm.edu.

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Publisher Item ID: 10.1186/s13059-015-0623-3

DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0623-3

PMC ID: 4414376

PubMed ID: 25908251

SO-VID: f8b7316f-8dea-40b0-a128-f0cf9c4dedd7

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The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization.

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