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      Early-life obesity and adulthood colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis Translated title: Obesidad a edad temprana y riesgo de cáncer colorrectal en el adulto: metanálisis Translated title: Obesidade no início da vida e risco de câncer colorretal na vida adulta: uma meta-análise

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective This meta-analysis examines the relationship between early-life obesity and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in adulthood. Methods A systematic search of Google Scholar, PubMed, and reference data was conducted. Fifteen relevant studies were identified and meta-analyzed, for men and women separately. A random-effects model was used to compare the multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RR) of overall and subsite-specific CRC to the highest versus lowest categories of body mass index (BMI) in early life. Meta-regression was performed on factors that may have contributed to between-study heterogeneity. Results High early-life BMI was associated with a 39% increased risk of CRC in adult men (RR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.20 – 1.62, P < 0.0001) and a 19% increased risk of CRC in adult women (RR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.06 – 1.35, P = 0.004). No statistically significant heterogeneity was identified in meta-regression according to tumor subsite (RR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.97 – 1.17, RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.99 – 1.18 for male and female proximal colon cancer; RR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.22 – 1.87, RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.98 – 1.19 for male and female distal colon cancer; and RR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.1 – 1.77, RR = 1.51, 95%CI = 0.94 – 2.03 for male and female rectal cancer) or other factors, including age of BMI assessment, self-reported or measured BMI, and adjustment for smoking. Conclusions The results suggest that high early-life BMI is associated with increased risk of CRC in adulthood. Further studies should investigate adult CRC risk in early-life obese individuals from non-Western countries and the underlying mechanisms by which early-life adiposity may influence CRC pathogenesis.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo En este metanálisis se examina la relación entre la obesidad a edad temprana y el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal en la edad adulta. Métodos Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática en Google Scholar, PubMed y datos de referencia. Se seleccionaron 15 estudios pertinentes y se realizó un metanálisis de esos estudios (hombres y mujeres por separado). Se usó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para comparar los riesgos relativos (RR) ajustados por multivariantes de tener cáncer colorrectal en las categorías de personas con mayor y menor índice de masa corporal (IMC) a edad temprana. Se realizó una metarregresión de los factores que pueden haber contribuido con la heterogeneidad entre estudios. Resultados Un IMC alto a edad temprana está asociado con un aumento de 39% del riesgo de cáncer colorrectal en los hombres adultos (RR = 1,39, IC de 95% 1,20 – 1,62, P < 0,0001) y un aumento de 19% del riesgo de cáncer colorrectal en las mujeres adultas (RR = 1,19, IC de 95% 1,06 – 1,35, P = 0,004). En la metarregresión no se encontró una heterogeneidad estadísticamente significativa por subsitio tumoral (RR = 1,06, IC de 95% 0,97 – 1,17, RR = 1,08, IC de 95% 0,99 – 1,18 para cáncer de colon proximal masculino y femenino; RR = 1,51, IC de 95% 1,22 – 1,87, RR = 1,08, IC de 95% 0,98 – 1,19 para cáncer de colon distal masculino y femenino; y RR = 1,39, IC de 95% 1,1 – 1,77, RR = 1,51, IC de 95% 0,94 – 2,03 para cáncer rectal masculino y femenino) u otros factores, incluidos edad de la evaluación del IMC, IMC notificado o medido por la propia persona y ajuste por tabaquismo. Conclusiones Los resultados indican que un IMC alto a edad temprana está asociado con un mayor riesgo de cáncer colorrectal en la edad adulta. Deben realizarse otros estudios para investigar el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal en el adulto en las personas obesas a edad temprana de países no occidentales, así como los mecanismos subyacentes por los cuales la adiposidad a edad temprana puede influir en la patogénesis del cáncer colorrectal.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo Examinar a relação entre a obesidade no início da vida e o risco de câncer colorretal na vida adulta. Métodos Foi realizada uma busca sistemática nas bases de dados do Google Scholar e PubMed e em dados de referência. Quinze estudos relevantes foram identificados e foi realizada uma meta-análise em separado para homens e mulheres. Um modelo de efeitos aleatórios foi usado para comparar os riscos relativos (RR) ajustados para multivariáveis de câncer colorretal de modo geral e específico ao subsítio às faixas superiores e inferiores de índice de massa corporal (IMC) no início da vida. Foi realizada uma análise de metarregressão dos fatores que possivelmente contribuíram para a heterogeneidade entre os estudos. Resultados IMC alto no início da vida foi associado a um aumento de 39% no risco de câncer colorretal em homens adultos (RR 1,39, IC 95% 1,20–1,62, P < 0,0001) e um aumento de 19% no risco de câncer colorretal em mulheres adultas (RR 1,19, IC 95% 1,06–1,35, P = 0,004). Heterogeneidade estatisticamente não significativa foi identificada na análise de metarregressão segundo subsítio tumoral (RR 1,06, IC 95% 0,97–1,17; RR 1,08, IC 95% 0,99–1,18 para o câncer de cólon proximal no sexo masculino e no sexo feminino; RR 1,51, IC 95% 1,22–1,87; RR 1,08, IC 95% 0,98–1,19 para o câncer de cólon distal no sexo masculino e no sexo feminino; e RR 1,39, IC 95% 1,1–1,77; RR 1,51, IC 95% 0,94–2,03 para o câncer retal no sexo masculino e no sexo feminino) e outros fatores, como idade na avaliação do IMC, IMC autorrelatado ou medido e ajuste para tabagismo. Conclusões Os resultados do estudo indicam que um IMC alto no início da vida está associado ao aumento do risco de câncer colorretal na vida adulta. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para investigar o risco de câncer colorretal na vida adulta em indivíduos obesos no início da vida em países não ocidentais assim como pesquisar os mecanismos subjacentes pelos quais a adiposidade no início da vida pode influir na patogênese do câncer colorretal.

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          Most cited references42

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            Overweight in adults is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In contrast, the long-term effect of overweight in adolescence on morbidity and mortality is not known. We studied the relation between overweight and morbidity and mortality in 508 lean or overweight adolescents 13 to 18 years old who participated in the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. Overweight adolescents were defined as those with a body-mass index that on two occasions was greater than the 75th percentile in subjects of the same age and sex in a large national survey. Lean adolescents were defined as those with a body-mass index between the 25th and 50th percentiles. Subjects who were still alive were interviewed in 1988 to obtain information about their medical history, weight, functional capacity, and other risk factors. For those who had died, information on the cause of death was obtained from death certificates. Overweight in adolescent subjects was associated with an increased risk of mortality from all causes and disease-specific mortality among men, but not among women. The relative risks among men were 1.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.7; P = 0.004) for mortality from all causes and 2.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 4.1; P = 0.002) for mortality from coronary heart disease. The risk of morbidity from coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis was increased among men and women who had been overweight in adolescence. The risk of colorectal cancer and gout was increased among men and the risk of arthritis was increased among women who had been overweight in adolescence. Overweight in adolescence was a more powerful predictor of these risks than overweight in adulthood. Overweight in adolescence predicted a broad range of adverse health effects that were independent of adult weight after 55 years of follow-up.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud (Washington, Washington, United States )
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                January 2019
                : 43
                : 0
                : e3
                Affiliations
                [1] New City New York orgnameClarkstown High School North United States of America
                [2] Boston Massachusetts orgnameHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health orgdiv1Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition United States
                Article
                S1020-49892019000100550
                10.26633/rpsp.2019.3
                ac8521e2-611f-4ec6-9715-2b9ae605b7ac

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 April 2018
                : 06 August 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Review

                obesity,rectal neoplasms,Colorectal neoplasms,metanálise,índice de massa corporal,obesidade,neoplasias retais,Neoplasias colorretais,metaanálisis,índice de masa corporal,obesidad,neoplasias del recto,Neoplasias colorrectales,meta-analysis,body mass index

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