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      Approaches and impact of non-academic research capacity strengthening training models in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.

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          Abstract

          Research is essential to identify and prioritize health needs and to develop appropriate strategies to improve health outcomes. In the last decade, non-academic research capacity strengthening trainings in sub-Saharan Africa, coupled with developing research infrastructure and the provision of individual mentorship support, has been used to build health worker skills. The objectives of this review are to describe different training approaches to research capacity strengthening in sub-Saharan Africa outside academic programs, assess methods used to evaluate research capacity strengthening activities, and learn about the challenges facing research capacity strengthening and the strategies/innovations required to overcome them.

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          Building capacity in health research in the developing world.

          Mary Ann Lansang, Rodolfo Dennis (2004)
          Strong national health research systems are needed to improve health systems and attain better health. For developing countries to indigenize health research systems, it is essential to build research capacity. We review the positive features and weaknesses of various approaches to capacity building, emphasizing that complementary approaches to human resource development work best in the context of a systems and long-term perspective. As a key element of capacity building, countries must also address issues related to the enabling environment, in particular: leadership, career structure, critical mass, infrastructure, information access and interfaces between research producers and users. The success of efforts to build capacity in developing countries will ultimately depend on political will and credibility, adequate financing, and a responsive capacity-building plan that is based on a thorough situational analysis of the resources needed for health research and the inequities and gaps in health care. Greater national and international investment in capacity building in developing countries has the greatest potential for securing dynamic and agile knowledge systems that can deliver better health and equity, now and in the future.
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            Operational research in low-income countries: what, why, and how?

            Rony Zachariah, Anthony D. Harries, Nobukatsu Ishikawa … (2009)
            Operational research is increasingly being discussed at institutional meetings, donor forums, and scientific conferences, but limited published information exists on its role from a disease-control and programme perspective. We suggest a definition of operational research, clarify its relevance to infectious-disease control programmes, and describe some of the enabling factors and challenges for its integration into programme settings. Particularly in areas where the disease burden is high and resources and time are limited, investment in operational research and promotion of a culture of inquiry are needed so that health care can become more efficient. Thus, research capacity needs to be developed, specific resources allocated, and different stakeholders (academic institutions, national programme managers, and non-governmental organisations) brought together in promoting operational research.
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              Trends in Health Policy and Systems Research over the Past Decade: Still Too Little Capacity in Low-Income Countries

              Taghreed Adam, Saad Ahmad, Maryam Bigdeli … (2011)
              Background The past decade has seen several high-level events and documents committing to strengthening the field of health policy and systems research (HPSR) as a critical input to strengthening health systems. Specifically, they called for increased production, capacity to undertake and funding for HPSR. The objective of this paper is to assess the extent to which progress has been achieved, an important feedback for stakeholders in this field. Methods and Finding Two sources of data have been used. The first is a bibliometric analysis to assess growth in production of HPSR between 2003 and 2009. The six building blocks of the health system were used to define the scope of this search. The second is a survey of 96 research institutions undertaken in 2010 to assess the capacity and funding availability to undertake HPSR, compared with findings from the same survey undertaken in 2000 and 2008. Both analyses focus on HPSR relevant to low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Overall, we found an increasing trend of publications on HPSR in LMICs, although only 4% were led by authors from low-income countries (LICs). This is consistent with findings from the institutional survey, where despite improvements in infrastructure of research institutions, a minimal change has been seen in the level of experience of researchers within LIC institutions. Funding availability in LICs has increased notably to institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa; nonetheless, the overall increase has been modest in all regions. Conclusion Although progress has been made in both the production and funding availability for HPSR, capacity to undertake the research locally has grown at a much slower pace, particularly in LICs where there is most need for this research. A firm commitment to dedicate a proportion of all future funding for research to building capacity may be the only solution to turn the tide.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Health Res Policy Syst
                Title: Health research policy and systems
                Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 1478-4505
                ISSN (Print): 1478-4505
                Publication date (Electronic): Jun 09 2015
                Volume: 13
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, P.O. Box 3432, Kigali, Rwanda. lambertmugabo@gmail.com.
                [2 ] Global Health Corps, One Penn Plaza, Suite 6271, New York, NY, 10119, USA. lambertmugabo@gmail.com.
                [3 ] Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, P.O. Box 3432, Kigali, Rwanda. dominique.rouleau@gmail.com.
                [4 ] Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, P.O. Box 3432, Kigali, Rwanda. ojacklineatieno@gmail.com.
                [5 ] Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, P.O. Box 3432, Kigali, Rwanda. nisimariepaul@gmail.com.
                [6 ] Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, P.O. Box 3432, Kigali, Rwanda. cheryl.amoroso@gmail.com.
                [7 ] Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, P.O. Box 3432, Kigali, Rwanda. barebwa@gmail.com.
                [8 ] Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, P.O. Box 3432, Kigali, Rwanda. chrisw1093@gmail.com.
                [9 ] Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, P.O. Box 3432, Kigali, Rwanda. habumugisha4@gmail.com.
                [10 ] Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, P.O. Box 3432, Kigali, Rwanda. bethhedt@gmail.com.
                [11 ] Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. bethhedt@gmail.com.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: 10.1186/s12961-015-0017-8
                DOI: 10.1186/s12961-015-0017-8
                PMC ID: 4464866
                PubMed ID: 26055974
                SO-VID: 98edd11c-ce96-4a03-a729-f605e88d0866
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