Preventing alcohol-impaired driving through community self-regulation training.

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Abstract

A community education program was designed to train the individual drinker to self-regulate his or her blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) below a level of impairment (.05 g/dl or 11 mmol/L). Drink calculators (cardboard wheels and wallet cards) were disseminated to customers of bars and licensed beverage outlets; bartenders and counter clerks were trained to demonstrate use of the calculators and demonstrations were presented in television spots. Program components were evaluated in three matched Vermont communities, one receiving the full community education program, one receiving the TV spots only, and one serving as control. After six months of intervention, a roadside survey of nighttime drivers (N = 892) indicated 5.3 per cent fewer drivers with BACs above 0.05 g/dl in the community program group and 1.0 per cent fewer in the TV-only group compared to the control group; however, substantially fewer drivers were found above .00 BAC in either program community than in the control. Drivers reporting heavy drinking and youthful drivers both indicated higher utilization of the materials than did other drivers. Although limited in scale and duration, this study suggests that a community education program can be effective in preventing alcohol-impaired driving.

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Development of a smoking prevention mass media program using diagnostic and formative research.

Sharon D Solomon, J W Worden, Jeffrey Solomon … (1988)

The process of developing a mass media campaign to prevent smoking among adolescents is described in detail. This campaign supplements a school smoking prevention program and shares educational objectives with the school program but is otherwise independent. It comprises various television and radio 30- and 60-sec "spot" messages. The campaign development process includes identifying educational objectives and strategies for appealing to young people; conducting diagnostic surveys and focus groups to determine target audience interests and perceptions about smoking and media content; suggesting approaches to producers to create preliminary television and radio messages for testing; conducting formative pretests with target groups to select optimal messages and suggest improvements to those messages; producing final messages for media presentation; and developing a media exposure plan to place messages in local media at optimal times for reception by target audiences. The media campaign is being evaluated in a 5-year project with 5,500 adolescents in four communities to determine the additional effect of mass media over a school program alone in preventing smoking.

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Training bar personnel to prevent drunken driving: a field evaluation.

N Russ, E. Geller (1987)

The potential of a server intervention program to decrease the likelihood that a bar patron will leave a bar intoxicated was evaluated. Research assistants posing as regular patrons ("pseudopatrons") visited two bars where about half of the servers had received server intervention training. Pseudopatrons set the occasion for server intervention to occur by drinking six alcoholic beverages in two hours. The blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) of the pseudopatrons was measured after they left the bar. Results revealed that trained servers initiated more server interventions than did untrained personnel. Moreover, pseudopatrons served by trained personnel reached substantially lower BACs than those served by untrained servers. These results suggest that, if implemented on a large scale, server intervention programs have the potential of reducing drunken driving by helping to decrease the exit BACs of bar patrons.