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      On the Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) complex, with a description of Neoechinorhynchus ponticus n. sp. from Chelon auratus in the Black Sea Translated title: Sur le complexe Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae), avec la description de Neoechinorhynchus ponticus n. sp. de Chelon auratus en mer Noire

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          Abstract

          We recognize four species in the Neoechinorhynchus agilis complex. We studied specimens of Neoechinorhynchus ( Hebesoma) personatus Tkach, Sarabeev & Shvetsova, 2014 from Mugil cephalus in the Mediterranean Sea off Tunisia and in the Black Sea, and also specimens of Neoechinorhynchus ponticus n. sp. from Chelon auratus Risso in the Black Sea. Specimens from M. cephalus at both locations were similar. All structures of N. ponticus n. sp. were considerably smaller than those of N. personatus. Two other species of the N. agilis complex are recognized: Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Rudolphi, 1819) sensu stricto from various hosts in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and Neoechinorhynchus yamagutii Tkach, Sarabeev & Shvetsova, 2014 from M. cephalus and Planiliza haematocheila in the Pacific, especially the Sea of Japan. Neoechinorhynchus dimorphospinus Amin & Sey, 1996 from marine fish in the Persian Gulf and the Pacific Ocean off Vietnam may be a candidate for membership in the N. agilis complex. X-ray scans of gallium cut and intact hooks of N. personatus and N. ponticus showed differences in the mineral content of hooks with higher sulfur levels in smaller hooks and in hooks from specimens in the Black Sea compared to specimens from the Mediterranean. The relatively high genetic differences between N. ponticus n. sp. and other species of Neoechinorhynchus using a partial 18S rDNA dataset support its independent status. Neoechinorhynchus ponticus n. sp. and N. personatus have a common ancestor with species of Neoechinorhynchus collected from saltwater fish.

          Translated abstract

          Nous reconnaissons quatre espèces dans le complexe Neoechinorhynchus agilis. Nous avons étudié des spécimens de Neoechinorhynchus (Hebesoma) personatus Tkach, Sarabeev & Shvetsova, 2014 de Mugil cephalus en mer Méditerranée au large de la Tunisie et en Mer Noire et également des spécimens de Neoechinorhynchus ponticus n. sp. de Chelon auratus Risso en Mer Noire. Les spécimens chez M. cephalus dans les deux endroits étaient similaires. Toutes les structures de N. ponticus n. sp. étaient considérablement plus petites que celles de N. personatus. Deux autres espèces du complexe N. agilis sont reconnues: Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Rudolphi, 1819) sensu stricto provenant de divers hôtes de l’Atlantique, y compris la Méditerranée, et Neoechinorhynchus yamagutii Tkach, Sarabeev & Shvetsova, 2014 de M. cephalus et Planiliza haematocheila dans le Pacifique, en particulier la Mer du Japon. Neoechinorhynchus dimorphospinus Amin & Sey, 1996 provenant de poissons marins du golfe Persique et de l’océan Pacifique au large du Vietnam pourrait être candidat à l’appartenance au complexe N. agilis. Les radiographies des crochets coupés au gallium et des crochets intacts de N. personatus et N. ponticus ont montré des différences dans la teneur en minéraux des crochets avec des niveaux de soufre plus élevés dans les hameçons plus petits et dans les hameçons des spécimens de la Mer Noire par rapport aux spécimens de la Méditerranée. Les différences génétiques relativement élevées entre N. ponticus n. sp. et d’autres espèces de Neoechinorhynchus utilisant un ensemble de données d’ADNr 18S partiel soutiennent son statut indépendant. Neoechinorhynchus ponticus n. sp. et N. personatus ont un ancêtre commun avec des espèces de Neoechinorhynchus prélevées sur des poissons d’eau salée.

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          Phylogenetic relationships of Palaeacanthocephala (Acanthocephala) inferred from SSU and LSU rDNA gene sequences.

          The Palaeacanthocephala is traditionally represented by 2 orders, Echinorhynchida and Polymorphida, with 10 and 3 families, respectively. To test the monophyly of the class, these 2 orders, and certain families, phylogenies were inferred using nuclear small-subunit (SSU) and large-subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA sequences obtained for 29 species representing 10 families, 2 other classes of acanthocephalans, and 3 rotifer outgroups. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred by analyzing combined SSU and LSU sequences using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Parsimony and ML trees inferred from combined analysis of these rDNA data strongly supported monophyly of Palaeacanthocephala and provided good resolution among species. Neither Polymorphida nor Echinorhynchida was monophyletic. Gorgorhynchoides bullocki (Echinorhynchida) was nested within the 6 species representing Polymorphida, and this clade was nested within species representing Echinorhynchida. Three of 4 palaeacanthocephalan families that could be evaluated were not monophyletic, and this finding was strongly supported. These results indicate that the family level classification of palaeacanthocephalans, which is mainly based on combinations of shared characters (not shared derived characters), needs to be reevaluated with respect to comprehensively sampled phylogenetic hypotheses.
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            Moniliformis cryptosaudi n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae) from the Long-eared Hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus (Gmelin) (Erinaceidae) in Iraq; A Case of Incipient Cryptic Speciation Related to M. saudi in Saudi Arabia.

            Moniliformis cryptosaudi n. sp. (Moniliformidae) is an acanthocephalan described from the long-eared hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus (Gmelin) (Erinaceidae) in Iraq as an incipient cryptic species of Moniliformis saudi Amin, Heckmann, Mohammed, Evans, 2016 described from the desert hedgehog Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg) (Erinaceidae) in Saudi Arabia. Microscopical studies demonstrate that the two species are morphologically indistinguishable with practically identical measurements and counts but differed significantly in their energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) of metal composition of hooks. Hooks of specimens of the new species appeared to be of collagen material with very low levels of phosphorus and calcium unlike those of M. saudi and Moniliformis kalahariensis Meyer, 1931 that had high levels of calcium and phosphorus. Using 18S rDNA and cox1 genes, M. Saudi and M. kalahariensis were shown to be molecularly distinct but the molecular profiles of M. saudi and M. cryptosaudi were more similar. The molecular profile of M. kalahariensis collected from the South African hedgehog Atelerix frontalis Smith (Erinaceidae) in South Africa is reported for the first time and is studied only for comparative purposes. Moniliformis saudi and M. kalahariensis had comparable EDXA metal analysis that was distinct from that of M. cryptosaudi.
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              A hyper-diverse genus of acanthocephalans revealed by tree-based and non-tree-based species delimitation methods: Ten cryptic species of Neoechinorhynchus in Middle American freshwater fishes

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasite
                Parasite
                parasite
                Parasite
                EDP Sciences
                1252-607X
                1776-1042
                2020
                23 July 2020
                : 27
                : ( publisher-idID: parasite/2020/01 )
                : 48
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of Parasitic Diseases 11445 E. Via Linda # 2-419 Scottsdale 85259 AZ USA
                [2 ] Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences 3363 Rasht Iran
                [3 ] Department of Biology, Brigham Young University 1114 MLBM Provo 84602 UT USA
                [4 ] University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems LR18ES06 Tunis Tunisia
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: omaramin@ 123456aol.com
                Article
                parasite200061 10.1051/parasite/2020044
                10.1051/parasite/2020044
                7377084
                32701053
                04f43d4e-e9d4-4bba-91a4-139e80a030ea
                © O.M. Amin et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2020

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 23 April 2020
                : 02 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 9, Tables: 7, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 19
                Categories
                Research Article

                acanthocephala,neoechinorhynchus agilis,n. personatus,n. yamagutii,n. ponticus n. sp.,species complex,mugil cephalus,chelon auratus,mediterranean,black sea

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