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      Quality evaluation of various commercial specifications of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and its dregs by determination of active compounds

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          Abstract

          Background

          According to market investigation, two kinds of Polygoni Multiflori Radix decoction pieces with different specifications are commercially available: irregular thick slices (0.7-1.3 cm) and length-wise into thin slices (0.11-0.2 cm). The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of various samples of Polygoni Multiflori Radix decoction pieces and its dregs.

          Results

          A simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for determination the contents of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2- O- β- D- glucopyranoside (THSG), emodin and physcion, which were considered to be potent active ingredients. The results showed that the contents of THSG, emodin and physcion varied in samples of different diameters and thicknesses. The results also indicated the dregs of Polygoni Multiflori Radix still contained a considerable amount of THSG, emodin and physcion.

          Conclusion

          The various commercial specifications of Polygoni Multiflori Radix sold in the markets did not correlate with their prices, and the dregs of Polygoni Multiflori Radix can be further utilized.

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          A unique issue in the standardization of Chinese materia medica: processing.

          Guanghua Lu, Zhongzhen Zhao, Zhitao Liang … (2010)
          Processing of Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) is a pharmaceutical technique to fulfill the different requirements of therapy, dispensing and making preparations according to traditional Chinese medicine theory. The aims of processing are to enhance the efficacy and/or reduce the toxicity of crude drugs. Those processed products are named as decoction pieces, which are used in clinics. Therefore, there is a close relationship between processing, safety, and efficacy of Chinese medicines. Some toxicity or side effects are caused by improper processing methods and some are due to improper combination of herbal mixtures. Standardization of processing methods for Chinese herbs is as important as authentication to maintain their quality and ensure their safe use. The objective of this paper is to review the literature covering the current situation and problems of CMM processing as well as recent progress in research in this area. A summary of the most urgent work needed is proposed. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
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            2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging active components from Polygonum multiflorum thunb.

            Yong Chen, Mingfu Wang, Robert T Rosen … (1999)
            An activity-directed fractionation and purification process was used to identify the antioxidative components of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM). Dried root of PM was extracted with 95% ethanol and then separated into water, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions. Among these only the ethyl acetate phase showed strong antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test when compared with water and hexane phases. The ethyl acetate fraction was then subjected to separation and purification using silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Three compounds showing strong antioxidant activity were identified by spectral methods ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and MS) and by comparison with authentic samples to be gallic acid, catechin, and 2,3,5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside.
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              Protective effects of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-d-glucoside, an active component of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, on experimental colitis in mice.

              Xiaomin Wang, Libo Zhao, Tianzhao Han … (2008)
              Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are involved in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we examined the effects of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (THSG), an active component extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, on acetic acid-induced acute colitis and mitomycin C-induced chronic colitis. The inflammatory degree was assessed by histology and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined with biochemical methods. In addition, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was immunohistochemically studied. In acetic acid-induced acute model, THSG (60 and 120 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated colon damage, inhibited the increase of acetic acid-induced MPO activity, depressed MDA and NO level, and enhanced SOD activity. Moreover, the effects of 120 mg/kg THSG were better than that of positive control drug, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). In mitomycin C-induced model, THSG (60 mg/kg) administered for 7 days and 24 days, significantly improved colon damage and inhibited MPO activity and MDA content while increased SOD activity only on the 7th day and debased NO level on the 24th day. Furthermore, on the 24th day, the effects of THSG were prior to that of 5-ASA. Additionally, THSG (60 mg/kg) could inhibit iNOS expression in both models. In conclusion, THSG exerts protective effects on experimental colitis through alleviating oxygen and nitrogen free radicals level and down-regulating iNOS expression.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Chem Cent J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Chem Cent J
                Title: Chemistry Central Journal
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1752-153X
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 8 June 2012
                Volume: 6
                Page: 53
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1752-153X-6-53
                DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-6-53
                PMC ID: 3406978
                PubMed ID: 22682356
                SO-VID: 05246617-2d65-4c94-a54b-68036cb3a997
                Copyright © Copyright ©2012 Liang et al.; licensee Chemistry Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 28 March 2012
                Date accepted : 8 June 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry
                Keywords: dreg,hplc,decoction pieces,thsg,emodin,physcion,polygoni multiflori radix,processing
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry
                Keywords: dreg, hplc, decoction pieces, thsg, emodin, physcion, polygoni multiflori radix, processing

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