The Effects of High-fat-diet Combined with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress on Depression-like Behavior and Leptin/LepRb in Male Rats

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Abstract

Leptin plays a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity and depression via the long form of leptin receptor (LepRb). An animal model of comorbid obesity and depression induced by high-fat diet (HFD) combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was developed to study the relationship between depression/anxiety-like behavior, levels of plasma leptin and LepRb in the brains between four groups of rats, the combined obesity and CUMS (Co) group, the obese (Ob) group, the CUMS group and controls. Our results revealed that the Co group exhibited most severe depression-like behavior in the open field test (OFT), anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus maze test (EMT) and cognitive impairment in the Morris water maze (MWM). The Ob group had the highest weight and plasma leptin levels while the Co group had the lowest levels of protein of LepRb in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Furthermore, depressive and anxiety-like behaviors as well as cognitive impairment were positively correlated with levels of LepRb protein and mRNA in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. The down-regulation of leptin/LepRb signaling might be associated with depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment in obese rats facing chronic mild stress.

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Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity.

Scott Kanoski, Terry L Davidson (2011)

Intake of saturated fats and simple carbohydrates, two of the primary components of a modern Western diet, is linked with the development of obesity and Alzheimer's Disease. The present paper summarizes research showing that Western diet intake is associated with cognitive impairment, with a specific emphasis on learning and memory functions that are dependent on the integrity of the hippocampus. The paper then considers evidence that saturated fat and simple carbohydrate intake is correlated with neurobiological changes in the hippocampus that may be related to the ability of these dietary components to impair cognitive function. Finally, a model is described proposing that Western diet consumption contributes to the development of excessive food intake and obesity, in part, by interfering with a type of hippocampal-dependent memory inhibition that is critical in the ability of animals to refrain from responding to environmental cues associated with food, and ultimately from consuming energy intake in excess of that driven solely by caloric need. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Obesity and physical and emotional well-being: associations between body mass index, chronic illness, and the physical and mental components of the SF-36 questionnaire.

Philip Stewart, H Doll, S. Petersen (2000)

To clarify the associations between obesity and health-related quality of life by exploring the associations between physical and emotional well-being in relation to obesity and the presence of other chronic illness. The study data were collected as part of a postal-survey within the old Oxford Regional Health Authority of England in 1997. Completed questionnaires were returned by 8889 of 13,800 randomly selected adults aged 18 to 64 years. The main outcome measures were body mass index in five categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, moderately obese, morbidly obese); chronic illness status (any vs. none and number of such illnesses 0, 1 to 2, 3+); and mean SF-36 questionnaire score in two summary component measures reflecting physical and emotional well-being. Of the subjects, 31% were overweight and an additional 11% were obese. Body mass index was significantly associated with health status, but the pattern varied according to whether the measure reflected physical or emotional well-being. Physical, but not emotional, well-being deteriorated markedly with increasing degree of overweight and was limited in subjects who were obese but had no other chronic condition; subjects with chronic illnesses other than obesity were compromised in both dimensions. In terms of the number of chronic illnesses reported, the additional presence of obesity was associated with a significant deterioration in physical but not emotional well-being. Overweight and obesity are associated with poor levels of subjective health status, particularly in terms of physical well-being. The limitations in emotional well-being that are reported here and in other studies may be a result of confounding by the presence of accompanying chronic illness.

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Predictors of depression after stroke: a systematic review of observational studies.

Michael Anderson, Maree Hackett (2005)

Although depression is common after stroke, there is uncertainty over its etiology and risk factors, which complicates management. Knowledge of the predictors of depression associated with stroke may allow for the better targeting of therapy, both prevention and treatment. We undertook a systematic review of all published, nonexperimental, population-, hospital-, and rehabilitation-based stroke studies (to June 2004) with prospective, consecutive patient recruitment undertaken to identify variables associated with depressive symptoms (or "illness") after stroke. Assessments were made of the quality of studies including the validity of prognostic models. Data were available from 3 population-based studies including 492 patients, 8 hospital-based studies including 15,272 patients, and 9 rehabilitation-based studies including 2170 patients. Physical disability, stroke severity and cognitive impairment were consistently associated with depression. In addition to the common problem of selection bias, major limitations of these studies included variable selection and poor statistical quality and reporting; small sample sizes meant that only a limited range of variables were analyzed in multivariate models. There is a paucity of well-designed studies of sufficient size to allow stable multivariate predictive models of depression after stroke to be developed. Other than showing that depression is associated with more severe strokes, current evidence does not allow for ready identification of patients most at risk of developing this important complication of stroke.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 14 October 2016

Publication date Collection: 2016

Volume: 6

Electronic Location Identifier: 35239

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China

[2 ]Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, 119228

Author notes

[a ] panfang@ 123456sdu.edu.cn

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Publisher Item ID: srep35239

DOI: 10.1038/srep35239

PMC ID: 5064321

PubMed ID: 27739518

SO-VID: 063b1880-655b-4be1-b9b0-3447e7f7d435

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The Effects of High-fat-diet Combined with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress on Depression-like Behavior and Leptin/LepRb in Male Rats

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Most cited references 47

Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity.

Obesity and physical and emotional well-being: associations between body mass index, chronic illness, and the physical and mental components of the SF-36 questionnaire.

Predictors of depression after stroke: a systematic review of observational studies.

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