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      Late Bleed after Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction

      case-report
      , MD * , , MD * , ,
      Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open
      Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

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          Summary:

          Late bleed following deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction is an uncommon event. In this case report, the authors describe a case of late bleed 7 months following the index operation. This occurred in the setting of strenuous exercise. No specific etiology was determined and the condition resolved without treatment.

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          A retrospective review of the incidence of various complications in different delayed breast reconstruction methods.

          Breast reconstruction is a common standard procedure in many centres after breast cancer surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the incidence of various complications in different reconstruction methods.
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            Breast reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap: imaging appearances of the normal flap and common complications.

            The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the normal imaging appearance of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction and common postoperative complications.
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              Amorous squeezing of the augmented breast may result in late capsular hematoma formation: A report of two cases (and a review of English-language literature on late hematoma formation in the augmented breast).

              Late hematoma formation is a rare complication of augmentation mammaplasty. Late hematoma formation related to excessive or vigorous squeezing of the breast during sexual activity has not been described. We present 2 such cases and review the English-language literature on all causes of late hematoma formation after breast augmentation reported thus far. It is suggested that this newly reported cause is probably underreported, either because of unnoticed small hematomas or because of embarrassment of the patient. Bleeding is probably caused by the rupture of vulnerable vessels in the tissue capsule, triggered by a minor or more obvious trauma. Late hematomas might be a cause of late capsular contraction in the augmented breast. Ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging is a reliable method to confirm the diagnosis of late hematoma formation. Treatment should preferably be surgical, but in minor cases observation may be justified.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
                Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
                GOX
                Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open
                Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Hagerstown, MD )
                2169-7574
                August 2020
                19 August 2020
                : 8
                : 8
                : e3035
                Affiliations
                From the [* ]Inova Fairfax Medical Center, Fairfax, Va.
                []VCU-College of Medicine, Inova Branch, National Center for Plastic Surgery, McLean, Va.
                Author notes
                Maurice Y. Nahabedian, MD, Virginia Commonwealth University—Inova Branch, National Center for Plastic Surgery, 7601 Lewinsville Dr., #400, McLean, VA 22102, E-mail: DrNahabedian@ 123456aol.com
                Article
                00011
                10.1097/GOX.0000000000003035
                7489612
                06ab0105-2cb6-4138-a6fd-6726fca6ca1f
                Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

                History
                : 22 May 2020
                : 15 June 2020
                Categories
                Breast
                Case Report
                Custom metadata
                TRUE
                UNITED STATES

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