Advances in analytical techniques for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxin-like PCBs

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Abstract

Analytical techniques for the determination of polychorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and dioxin-like PCBs (DLPCB) are reviewed. The focus of the review is on recent advances in methodology and analytical procedures. The paper also reviews toxicology, the development of toxic equivalent factors (TEF) and the determination of toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) values. Sources, occurrence and temporal trends of PCDD/PCDF are summarized to provide examples of levels and concentration ranges for the methods and techniques reviewed.

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Most cited references 172

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds: environmental and mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs).

S H Safe (1989)

Halogenated aromatic compounds, typified by the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), and diphenylethers (PCDEs), are industrial compounds or byproducts which have been widely identified in the environment and in chemical-waste dumpsites. Halogenated aromatics are invariably present in diverse analytes as highly complex mixtures of isomers and congeners and this complicates the hazard and risk assessment of these compounds. Several studies have confirmed the common receptor-mediated mechanism of action of toxic halogenated aromatics and this has resulted in the development of structure-activity relationships for this class of chemicals. The most toxic halogenated aromatic is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and based on in vivo and in vitro studies the relative toxicities of individual halogenated aromatics have been determined relative to TCDD (i.e., toxic equivalents). The derived toxic equivalents can be used for hazard and risk assessment of halogenated aromatic mixtures; moreover, for more complex mixtures containing congeners for which no standards are available (e.g., bromo/chloro mixtures), several in vitro or in vivo assays can be utilized for hazard or risk assessment.

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The PAS superfamily: sensors of environmental and developmental signals.

Yueqing Gu, Laura A. Bradfield, John B. Hogenesch (1999)

Over the past decade, PAS domains have been identified in dozens of signal transduction molecules and various forms have been found in animals, plants, and prokaryotes. In this review, we summarize this rapidly expanding research area by providing a detailed description of three signal transduction pathways that utilize PAS protein heterodimers to drive their transcriptional output. It is hoped that these model pathways can provide a framework for use in understanding the biology of the less well-understood members of this emerging superfamily, as well as of those to be characterized in the days to come. We use this review to develop the idea that most eukaryotic PAS proteins can be classified by functional similarities, as well as by predicted phylogenetic relationships. We focus on the alpha-class proteins, which often act as sensors of environmental signals, and the beta-class proteins, which typically act as broad-spectrum partners that target these heterodimers to their genomic targets.

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Congenital poisoning by polychlorinated biphenyls and their contaminants in Taiwan.

Chin Hsu, Victor Hung, Justin C Y Wu … (1988)

In 1979, a mass poisoning occurred in Taiwan from cooking oil contaminated by thermally degraded polychlorinated biphenyls. Because these chemicals persist in human tissue, children born to female patients after the outbreak were exposed in utero. In 1985, 117 children born to affected women and 108 unexposed controls were examined and evaluated. The exposed children were shorter and lighter than controls; they had abnormalities of gingiva, skin, nails, teeth, and lungs more frequently than did controls. The exposed children showed delay of developmental milestones, deficits on formal developmental testing, and abnormalities on behavioral assessment. These findings are most consistent with a generalized disorder of ectodermal tissue. This syndrome is one of very few documented to result from transplacental exposure to pollutant chemicals.

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Author and article information

Contributors

: +1-416-2355743 , +1-416-2355744 , eric.reiner@ene.gov.on.ca

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Anal Bioanal Chem

Title: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Publisher: Springer-Verlag (Berlin/Heidelberg )

ISSN (Print): 1618-2642

ISSN (Electronic): 1618-2650

Publication date (Electronic): 23 June 2006

Publication date (Print): October 2006

Volume: 386

Issue: 4

Pages: 791-806

Affiliations

[1 ]Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, ON Canada M9P 3V6

[2 ]Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada M5S 1A8

[3 ]Environment Canada, Burlington, ON Canada L7R 4A6

Article

Publisher ID: 479

DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0479-1

PMC ID: 1764597

PubMed ID: 16794816

SO-VID: 06fd9c6b-ece5-4646-bd09-03e678b55dbd

History

Date received : 6 February 2006

Date revision received : 4 April 2006

Date accepted : 10 April 2006

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Analytical chemistry

Keywords: polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins,environmental levels,toxicity,pcdd,polychlorinated dibenzofurans,review,dlpcb,sample preparation,extraction,mass spectrometry,dioxin-like pcbs,analysis,pcdf

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Analytical chemistry

Keywords: polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, environmental levels, toxicity, pcdd, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, review, dlpcb, sample preparation, extraction, mass spectrometry, dioxin-like pcbs, analysis, pcdf

Advances in analytical techniques for polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxin-like PCBs

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Herbal Medicines Journal (Herb Med J)

Most cited references 172

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds: environmental and mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs).

The PAS superfamily: sensors of environmental and developmental signals.

Congenital poisoning by polychlorinated biphenyls and their contaminants in Taiwan.

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