Excellent energy storage properties and stability of NaNbO 3–Bi(Mg 0.5Ta 0.5)O 3 ceramics by introducing (Bi 0.5Na 0.5) 0.7Sr 0.3TiO 3

Author(s): Hongyun Chen ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Junpeng Shi ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Xiuli Chen ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Congcong Sun ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Feihong Pang ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Xiaoyan Dong ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Hailin Zhang ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Huanfu Zhou ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵

Publication date (Electronic): 2021

Journal: Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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Abstract

NaNbO ₃-based (NN) energy storage ceramics exhibit high breakdown electric field strength ( E _b) with large recoverable energy storage density ( W _rec).

Abstract

NaNbO ₃-based (NN) energy storage ceramics exhibit high breakdown electric field strength ( E _b) with large recoverable energy storage density ( W _rec). However, due to their large energy loss density ( W _loss) under strong electric fields, maintaining high energy storage efficiency ( η) is a challenge. In this study, to produce a dielectric ceramic with both high W _rec and η, a ternary system was designed. By the addition of (Bi _0.5Na _0.5) _0.7Sr _0.3TiO ₃ (BNST), the grain size of 0.90NaNbO ₃–0.10Bi(Mg _0.5Ta _0.5)O ₃ (0.10BMT) was effectively reduced, and the long-range ordered structure was broken, providing an easily turned over dielectric domain to inhibit W _loss. The activation energy of the grain boundary increased with the increase in resistivity, indicating that the concentration of free vacancies at the grain boundary was low. The jump barrier of oxygen vacancies in the grain boundary increased, making up for the grain boundary defects, thus increasing E _b. When the BNST concentration increased, the E _b and W _rec of the dielectric ceramics increased. Optimum performance was obtained with the 0.75[0.90NaNbO ₃–0.10Bi(Mg _0.5Ta _0.5)O ₃]–0.25(Bi _0.5Na _0.5) _0.7Sr _0.3TiO ₃ (0.25BNST) ceramic, which exhibited an exceptionally high E _b (800 kV cm ⁻¹) and W _rec (8 J cm ⁻³), while maintaining a relatively high η (90.4%). The ceramics developed in this study showed excellent temperature and frequency stability over 20–200 °C and 1–160 Hz, respectively. In addition, the dielectric properties of the ceramics were maintained after 10 000 hysteresis cycles. The 0.25BNST ceramic showed an exceptionally fast t _0.9 (∼32 ns) and a high C _D (614.5A cm ⁻²). This study demonstrates that the energy storage performance and stability of the fabricated 0.25BNST ceramic are superior to those of previously reported dielectric ceramics.

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Potassium–sodium niobate based lead-free ceramics: novel electrical energy storage materials

Tengqiang Shao, Hongliang Du, Hua Ma … (2017)

A design methodology for developing lead-free bulk ceramics with large recoverable energy storage density was proposed in this study. The development of lead-free bulk ceramics with high recoverable energy density ( W rec ) is of decisive importance for meeting the requirements of advanced pulsed power capacitors toward miniaturization and integration. However, the W rec (<2 J cm −3 ) of lead-free bulk ceramics has long been limited by their low dielectric breakdown strength (DBS < 200 kV cm −1 ) and small saturation polarization ( P s ). In this work, a strategy (compositions control the grain size of lead-free ceramics to submicron scale to increase the DBS, and the hybridization between the Bi 6p and O 2p orbitals enhances the P s ) was proposed to improve the W rec of lead-free ceramics. (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 –Bi(Me 2/3 Nb 1/3 )O 3 solid solutions (where Me 2+ = Mg and Zn) were designed for achieving large P s , and high DBS and W rec . As an example, (1 − x )(K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 – x Bi(Mg 2/3 Nb 1/3 )O 3 (KNN–BMN) ceramics were prepared by using a conventional solid-state reaction process in this study. Large P s (41 μC cm −2 ) and high DBS (300 kV cm −1 ) were obtained for 0.90KNN–0.10BMN ceramics, leading to large W rec (4.08 J cm −3 ). The significantly enhanced W rec is more than 2–3 times larger than that of other lead-free bulk ceramics. The findings in this study not only provide a design methodology for developing lead-free bulk ceramics with large W rec but also could bring about the development of a series of KNN-based ceramics with significantly enhanced W rec and DBS in the future. More importantly, this work opens a new research and application field (dielectric energy storage) for (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 -based ceramics.