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      Children and Adolescent Dental Age Estimation by the Willems and Al Qahtani Methods in Surabaya, Indonesia

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          Dental age estimation has been employed in a range of legal operations as well as catastrophe victim identification. Dental age estimation is regarded as an appropriate method for estimating a person's age because there is a high association between age and teeth. This study aims to assess the suitability of the Al Qahtani and Willems dental age estimation approaches for the Indonesian children and adolescent population.

          Methods

          A total of 150 panoramic radiographs of patients (75 boys and 75 girls, 6-17 years old) were obtained from the Department of Radiology, Airlangga University, Indonesia. One researcher analyzed estimated dental age (EDA) twice in a one-week time-lapse using the Willems and Al Qahtani methods. The statistical analysis of the present study was carried out using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 25.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).

          Results

          The mean of this study's chronological age (CA) was 11.60 ± 3.41. Using the Willems method, the mean difference between CA and EDA for boys and girls was -0.41 ± 0.90. The mean difference between CA and EDA for boys and girls is 0.33 ± 0.61 using the Al Qahtani method.

          Conclusions

          According to the findings of this investigation, the dental age estimation method proposed by Al Qahtani and Willems can be applied to the population in Surabaya. However, a comprehensive study is required when using this method because the data revealed significant statistical disparities between the two methods.

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          Most cited references20

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          Brief communication: The London atlas of human tooth development and eruption.

          Abdulaziz S Alqahtani, H M Liversidge, M Hector (2010)
          The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive evidence-based atlas to estimate age using both tooth development and alveolar eruption for human individuals between 28 weeks in utero and 23 years. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study of archived material with the sample aged 2 years and older having a uniform age and sex distribution. Developing teeth from 72 prenatal and 104 postnatal skeletal remains of known age-at-death were examined from collections held at the Royal College of Surgeons of England and the Natural History Museum, London, UK (M 91, F 72, unknown sex 13). Data were also collected from dental radiographs of living individuals (M 264, F 264). Median stage for tooth development and eruption for all age categories was used to construct the atlas. Tooth development was determined according to Moorrees et al. (J Dent Res 42 (1963a) 490-502; Am J Phys Anthropol 21 (1963b) 205-213) and eruption was assessed relative to the alveolar bone level. Intraexaminer reproducibility calculated using Kappa on 150 teeth was 0.90 for 15 skeletal remains of age <2 years, and 0.81 from 605 teeth (50 radiographs). Age categories were monthly in the last trimester, 2 weeks perinatally, 3-month intervals during the first year, and at every year thereafter. Results show that tooth formation is least variable in infancy and most variable after the age of 16 years for the development of the third molar. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
          Article 0 comments Cited 177 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Dental age estimation in Belgian children: Demirjian's technique revisited.

            B Spiessens, C Carels, Robrecht van der Wel … (2001)
            The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Demirjian's dental age estimation in children in a Belgian Caucasian population and to adapt the scoring system in case of a significant overestimation as frequently reported. We selected 2523 orthopantomograms of 1265 boys and 1258 girls, of which 2116 (1029 boys and 1087 girls) were used for estimating the dental age with the Demirjian's technique. The 407 other orthopantomograms were beyond the original age limit. A second sample of 355 orthopantomograms was used to evaluate the accuracy of the original method and the adapted method. A signed-rank test was performed to search for significant age differences between the obtained dental age and the chronological age. A weighted ANOVA was performed in order to adapt the scoring system for this Belgian population. The overestimation of the chronological age was confirmed. The adapted scoring system resulted in new age scores expressed in years and in a higher accuracy compared to the original method in Belgian Caucasians.
            Article 0 comments Cited 91 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Application of osteology to forensic medicine.

              Mark L Scheuer (2002)
              The four main features of biological identity are sex, age, stature, and ethnic background. The forensic osteologist aims to establish these attributes for an individual from their skeletal remains. Many techniques are available for the osteological determination of sex in the adult but it is one of the most difficult biological factors to ascribe to juvenile remains. Conversely, there are a multitude of markers to estimate age in the young skeleton but ageing becomes less accurate with increasing years. Stature is usually a relatively straightforward parameter to establish in the adult. In the juvenile, it is naturally correlated with age but is complicated by differences in rates of growth both between the sexes and between individuals. Determination of ethnic identity is the least reliable and is hampered by lack of data on many populations. This paper reviews the principal methods used to establish identity and comments on their reliability and accuracy in the forensic context. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Beshlina Fitri Widayanti Roosyanto Prakoeswa:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-2388
                Anand Marya:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2009-4393
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BMRI
                Title: BioMed Research International
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 2314-6133
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-6141
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 July 2022
                Volume: 2022
                Electronic Location Identifier: 9692214
                Affiliations
                1Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
                2Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam, Malaysia
                3Department of Dental Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
                4Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
                5Center of Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Fernando Jose Dias

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-2388
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-9876
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8179-9421
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2009-4393
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2022/9692214
                PMC ID: 9283048
                PubMed ID: 35845954
                SO-VID: 091d3f22-99db-4265-8293-51d5cb7dcb35
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Beshlina Fitri Widayanti Roosyanto Prakoeswa et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 2 March 2022
                Date accepted : 21 June 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Dental Medicine Airlangga University
                Award ID: 209/UN3.1.2./PT/2021
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Data availability:

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