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      Avaliação da função pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes no pré e pós-operatório de correção cirúrgica de valvulopatia reumática Translated title: Pulmonary function assessment in children and teenagers before and after surgical treatment for rheumatic valve disease

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função pulmonar de crianças e adolescentes submetidos a correções cirúrgicas de valvulopatias reumáticas, a fim de quantificar as alterações proporcionadas pelos fatores inerentes à cirurgia e à cardiopatia reumática. MÉTODOS: Estudo de avaliação prospectiva quantitativa de caráter longitudinal, realizado em um hospital infantil de referência estadual (Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco), no período de dezembro de 2004 a maio de 2005. Dezoito crianças, portadoras de febre reumática, submetidas a troca ou reconstrução de válvula mitral, foram avaliadas quanto à função pulmonar, antes e do primeiro ao quinto dia após a cirurgia. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: volume minuto, índice de respiração rápida e superficial, pico de fluxo expiratório, capacidade vital forçada e capacidade inspiratória. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes tinham entre 8 e 17 anos (idade média de 12,4±2,1), apresentavam um índice de massa corpórea médio de 16,1±2,2 e foram desmamados da ventilação mecânica invasiva nas primeiras 10 horas de pós-operatório. Todos os parâmetros encontraram-se expressivamente deteriorados no primeiro dia de pós-operatório (estatisticamente significativos com valores de p < 0,01), apresentando gradativas melhoras até o último dia da avaliação, embora sem retornar aos valores basais, exceto o volume minuto, que, a partir do quarto dia de pós-operatório, retornou aos valores pré-operatórios em termos estatísticos (p > 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Observamos que a disfunção pulmonar, proveniente dessa cirurgia cardíaca, se mantém até o quinto dia de pós-operatório e parece ser influenciada pela dor e alteração mecânica provenientes da esternotomia e pela diminuição da complacência pulmonar, ocorridas no pós-operatório.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To assess pulmonary function in children and adolescents subjected to correction of rheumatic valve disease in order to quantify changes caused by factors inherent to surgery and rheumatic heart disease METHODS: This was a longitudinal and quantitative intervention study, undertaken at a children's hospital that is a center of excellence for the state of Pernambuco (Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco), between December 2004 and May 2005. Eighteen children suffering from rheumatic fever and indicated for surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve were assessed preoperatively and again on the first and fifth postoperative days. The parameters recorded were minute volume, rapid shallow breathing index, peak expiratory flow, forced vital capacity and inspiratory capacity RESULTS: All patients were aged 8 to 17 years (mean 12.4±2.1), they had a mean body mass index of 16.1±2.2, and were weaned off invasive mechanical ventilation during the first 10 postoperative hours. All parameters had undergone significant deterioration on the first day (statistically significant, p < 0.01), demonstrating gradual improvement up to the last day of assessment, although, with the exception of minute volume which was no longer significantly different from the fourth day onwards (p > 0.01), without returning to baseline levels. CONCLUSION: We observed that the pulmonary dysfunction that results from this type of heart surgery is maintained until at least the fifth postoperative day. It appears that this dysfunction is influenced by the pain and mechanical alterations caused by sternotomy and reduced pulmonary compliance post surgery.

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          Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction in adults after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: clinical significance and implications for practice.

          Postoperative pulmonary complications are the most frequent and significant contributor to morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with hospitalization. Interestingly, despite the prevalence of these complications in cardiac surgical patients, recognition, diagnosis, and management of this problem vary widely. In addition, little information is available on the continuum between routine postoperative pulmonary dysfunction and postoperative pulmonary complications. The course of events from pulmonary dysfunction associated with surgery to discharge from the hospital in cardiac patients is largely unexplored. In the absence of evidence-based practice guidelines for the care of cardiac surgical patients with postoperative pulmonary dysfunction, an understanding of the pathophysiological basis of the development of postoperative pulmonary complications is fundamental to enable clinicians to assess the value of current management interventions. Previous research on postoperative pulmonary dysfunction in adults undergoing cardiac surgery is reviewed, with an emphasis on the pathogenesis of this problem, implications for clinical nursing practice, and possibilities for future research.
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            Pathologic observations in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)

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              Pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).

              One hundred sixty-five nonsmoking systemic sclerosis patients were evaluated by pulmonary function testing. Restrictive lung disease and an isolated reduction of the diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide were the most frequent abnormalities. Patients with the CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasias) had a similar frequency and severity of pulmonary involvement compared with the patients who had diffuse scleroderma. CREST syndrome patients with restrictive lung disease rarely had the anticentromere antibody and had more skin and joint involvement of their hands, compared with other CREST syndrome patients. Dyspnea and rales were most commonly found in patients with restrictive lung disease. Fibrosis, shown on chest radiograph, and pulmonary function abnormalities correlated poorly with each other. Dyspnea was associated with restrictive disease, and rales were more commonly found in patients with fibrosis. Patients with a restrictive abnormality had the worst prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 58%, although death from pulmonary causes was uncommon. Comparison of these nonsmoking patients with 137 scleroderma patients who smoked, seen during the same time period, revealed more frequent and severe obstructive changes in smokers. Smoking patients with restrictive lung disease had more severe disease than nonsmoking patients. The single breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was significantly decreased in the patients who smoked compared with the nonsmokers. These data confirm that pulmonary function abnormalities are common in patients with systemic sclerosis including CREST syndrome. Smoking appears to have an additive deleterious effect on pulmonary function and should be strongly discouraged.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jped
                Jornal de Pediatria
                J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil )
                0021-7557
                1678-4782
                April 2006
                : 82
                : 2
                : 144-150
                Affiliations
                [02] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameFaculdade Redentor
                [06] Recife PE orgnameInstituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco
                [03] orgnameUniversidade Lusófona de Lisboa Portugal
                [05] Recife PE orgnameFaculdade Integrada do Recife
                [04] Recife PE orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco
                [01] Recife PE orgnameReal Hospital Português
                Article
                S0021-75572006000200012 S0021-7557(06)08200212
                10.1590/S0021-75572006000200012
                0b8e1a39-0c0e-4422-81ef-11cc781632f9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 January 2006
                : 16 August 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                cirurgia cardíaca,Rheumatic fever,children,heart surgery,pulmonary function,Febre reumática,crianças,função pulmonar

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