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      The association between local brain structure and disgust propensity

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      Author(s): 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Scientific Reports
      Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK
      Keywords: Neuroscience, Emotion, Insula

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          Abstract

          Research has discovered structural differences in the brains of people with different personality types. In the present voxel-based morphometry study we focused on the association between disgust propensity (DP: the temporally stable tendency to experience disgust across different situations) and grey matter volume (GMV) in regions of interest [insula, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), basal ganglia]. We collected structural brain scans from 498 healthy individuals (352 females, 146 males; mean age = 27 years). Regression analyses were performed to test the association between three domains of DP (core, animal-reminder, contamination) and GMV. We observed negative correlations between animal-reminder DP and the volume of the insula, and contamination DP and OFC volume. Animal-reminder DP correlated positively with GMV in the basal ganglia (putamen). This study identified weak correlations between local brain volume and disgust propensity. The association between DP and insula volume concerned the posterior insula and was in the opposite of the expected direction. The findings of this study are inconsistent with the concept of the anterior insula as a region that specifically mediates DP.

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          The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review.

          Kristen A Lindquist, Tor Wager, Hedy Kober … (2012)
          Researchers have wondered how the brain creates emotions since the early days of psychological science. With a surge of studies in affective neuroscience in recent decades, scientists are poised to answer this question. In this target article, we present a meta-analytic summary of the neuroimaging literature on human emotion. We compare the locationist approach (i.e., the hypothesis that discrete emotion categories consistently and specifically correspond to distinct brain regions) with the psychological constructionist approach (i.e., the hypothesis that discrete emotion categories are constructed of more general brain networks not specific to those categories) to better understand the brain basis of emotion. We review both locationist and psychological constructionist hypotheses of brain-emotion correspondence and report meta-analytic findings bearing on these hypotheses. Overall, we found little evidence that discrete emotion categories can be consistently and specifically localized to distinct brain regions. Instead, we found evidence that is consistent with a psychological constructionist approach to the mind: A set of interacting brain regions commonly involved in basic psychological operations of both an emotional and non-emotional nature are active during emotion experience and perception across a range of discrete emotion categories.
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            Disgust as a disease-avoidance mechanism.

            Megan Oaten, Richard J. Stevenson, Trevor I. Case (2009)
            Many researchers have claimed that the emotion of disgust functions to protect us from disease. Although there have been several discussions of this hypothesis, none have yet reviewed the evidence in its entirety. The authors derive 14 hypotheses from a disease-avoidance account and evaluate the evidence for each, drawing upon research on pathogen avoidance in animals and empirical research on disgust. In all but 1 case, the evidence favors a disease-avoidance account. It is suggested that disgust is evoked by objects/people that possess particular types of prepared features that connote disease. Such simple disgust are directly disease related, are acquired during childhood, and are able to contaminate other objects/people. The complex disgust, which emerge later in development, may be mediated by several emotions. In these cases, violations of societal norms that may subserve a disease-avoidance function, notably relating to food and sex, act as reminders of simple disgust elicitors and thus generate disgust and motivate compliance. The authors find strong support for a disease-avoidance account and suggest that it offers a way to bridge the divide between concrete and ideational accounts of disgust. (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved.
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              Both of us disgusted in My insula: the common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust.

              Bruno Wicker, Christian Keysers, Jane Plailly … (2003)
              What neural mechanism underlies the capacity to understand the emotions of others? Does this mechanism involve brain areas normally involved in experiencing the same emotion? We performed an fMRI study in which participants inhaled odorants producing a strong feeling of disgust. The same participants observed video clips showing the emotional facial expression of disgust. Observing such faces and feeling disgust activated the same sites in the anterior insula and to a lesser extent in the anterior cingulate cortex. Thus, as observing hand actions activates the observer's motor representation of that action, observing an emotion activates the neural representation of that emotion. This finding provides a unifying mechanism for understanding the behaviors of others.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Anne Schienle:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-6626
                anne.schienle@uni-graz.at
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 January 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 January 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1327
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.5110.5, ISNI 0000000121539003, Department of Clinical Psychology, , University of Graz, ; Universitätsplatz 2/DG, 8010 Graz, Austria
                [2 ]GRID grid.452216.6, BioTechMed, ; Graz, Austria
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4639
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2285-0650
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-6626
                Article
                Publisher ID: 5407
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05407-4
                PMC ID: 8789785
                PubMed ID: 35079079
                SO-VID: 0c92cd07-9155-48ef-8335-53172d5b4476
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 29 June 2021
                Date accepted : 5 January 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2022

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: neuroscience,emotion,insula
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: neuroscience, emotion, insula

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