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      Sleep behaviours and associated habits and the progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Certain sleep behaviours increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the general population, but whether they contribute to the progression from pre-diabetes to T2DM is uncertain. We conducted a systematic review to assess this.

          Methods

          Structured searches were performed on bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL) from inception to 26/04/2021 for longitudinal studies/trials consisting of adults⩾18 years with pre-diabetes and sleep behaviours (short or long sleep duration (SD), late chronotype, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea, daytime napping and/or night-shift employment) that reported on incident T2DM or glycaemic changes. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment.

          Results

          Six studies were included. Meta-analysis of three studies ( n = 20,139) demonstrated that short SD was associated with greater risk of progression to T2DM, hazard ratio (HR) 1.59 (95% CI 1.29-1.97), I 2 heterogeneity score 0%, p < 0.0001, but not for long SD, HR 1.50 (0.86–2.62), I 2 heterogeneity 77%, p = 0.15. The systematic review showed insomnia and night-shift duty were associated with higher progression to T2DM. Studies were rated as moderate-to-high quality.

          Conclusions

          Progression from pre-diabetes to T2DM increases with short SD, but only limited data exists for insomnia and night-shift duty. Whether manipulating sleep could reduce progression from pre-diabetes to T2DM needs to be examined.

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          Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis.

          Julian P T Higgins, Simon G Thompson (2002)
          The extent of heterogeneity in a meta-analysis partly determines the difficulty in drawing overall conclusions. This extent may be measured by estimating a between-study variance, but interpretation is then specific to a particular treatment effect metric. A test for the existence of heterogeneity exists, but depends on the number of studies in the meta-analysis. We develop measures of the impact of heterogeneity on a meta-analysis, from mathematical criteria, that are independent of the number of studies and the treatment effect metric. We derive and propose three suitable statistics: H is the square root of the chi2 heterogeneity statistic divided by its degrees of freedom; R is the ratio of the standard error of the underlying mean from a random effects meta-analysis to the standard error of a fixed effect meta-analytic estimate, and I2 is a transformation of (H) that describes the proportion of total variation in study estimates that is due to heterogeneity. We discuss interpretation, interval estimates and other properties of these measures and examine them in five example data sets showing different amounts of heterogeneity. We conclude that H and I2, which can usually be calculated for published meta-analyses, are particularly useful summaries of the impact of heterogeneity. One or both should be presented in published meta-analyses in preference to the test for heterogeneity. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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            The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration

            Alessandro Liberati, Douglas G. Altman, Jennifer Tetzlaff … (2010)
            Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarise evidence relating to efficacy and safety of healthcare interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, are not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users. Since the development of the QUOROM (quality of reporting of meta-analysis) statement—a reporting guideline published in 1999—there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews of published systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported. Realising these issues, an international group that included experienced authors and methodologists developed PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) as an evolution of the original QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evaluations of health care interventions. The PRISMA statement consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram. The checklist includes items deemed essential for transparent reporting of a systematic review. In this explanation and elaboration document, we explain the meaning and rationale for each checklist item. For each item, we include an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature. The PRISMA statement, this document, and the associated website (www.prisma-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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              Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.

              Paul Nathan, Elizabeth Barrett, John M. Lachin … (2002)
              Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 8 percent of adults in the United States. Some risk factors--elevated plasma glucose concentrations in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load, overweight, and a sedentary lifestyle--are potentially reversible. We hypothesized that modifying these factors with a lifestyle-intervention program or the administration of metformin would prevent or delay the development of diabetes. We randomly assigned 3234 nondiabetic persons with elevated fasting and post-load plasma glucose concentrations to placebo, metformin (850 mg twice daily), or a lifestyle-modification program with the goals of at least a 7 percent weight loss and at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week. The mean age of the participants was 51 years, and the mean body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) was 34.0; 68 percent were women, and 45 percent were members of minority groups. The average follow-up was 2.8 years. The incidence of diabetes was 11.0, 7.8, and 4.8 cases per 100 person-years in the placebo, metformin, and lifestyle groups, respectively. The lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence by 58 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 48 to 66 percent) and metformin by 31 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent), as compared with placebo; the lifestyle intervention was significantly more effective than metformin. To prevent one case of diabetes during a period of three years, 6.9 persons would have to participate in the lifestyle-intervention program, and 13.9 would have to receive metformin. Lifestyle changes and treatment with metformin both reduced the incidence of diabetes in persons at high risk. The lifestyle intervention was more effective than metformin.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1422 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Diab Vasc Dis Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Diab Vasc Dis Res
                Journal ID (hwp): spdvr
                Journal ID (publisher-id): DVR
                Title: Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                ISSN (Print): 1479-1641
                ISSN (Electronic): 1752-8984
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 May 2022
                Publication date Collection: May-Jun 2022
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 14791641221088824
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Diabetes, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
                [2 ]Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
                [3 ]Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partner, Birmingham, UK
                [4 ]Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
                [5 ]3rd Department of Internal Medicine, “Papageorgiou” Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
                [6 ]Sportex, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
                [7 ]Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
                [8 ]Midlands Health Data Research UK, Birmingham, UK
                Author notes
                [*]Samiul A Mostafa, Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Nuffield House, Birmingham B15 2PR, UK. Email: samiul.mostafa@ 123456uhb.nhs.uk
                [†]

                Joint first authors

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-7908
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_14791641221088824
                DOI: 10.1177/14791641221088824
                PMC ID: 9152198
                PubMed ID: 35616501
                SO-VID: 0dfafb99-5e12-4ee1-b28b-ac79a13c5d80
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article
                Custom metadata
                cover-date May-June 2022
                typesetter ts1

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Keywords: pre-diabetes,type 2 diabetes mellitus,sleep disorders,systematic review
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Keywords: pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sleep disorders, systematic review

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