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      Abnormalities in the male reproductive system after exposure to diesel and biodiesel blend : Effects of BD50 on the Male Reproductive System

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          Abstract

          Altering the fuel source from petroleum-based ultralow sulfur diesel to biodiesel and its blends is considered by many to be a sustainable choice for controlling exposures to particulate material. As the exhaust of biodiesel/diesel blends is composed of a combination of combustion products of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters, we hypothesize that 50% biodiesel/diesel blend (BD50) exposure could induce harmful outcomes because of its ability to trigger oxidative damage. Here, adverse effects were compared in murine male reproductive organs after pharyngeal aspiration with particles generated by engine fueled with BD50 or neat petroleum diesel (D100). When compared with D100, exposure to BD50 significantly altered sperm integrity, including concentration, motility, and morphological abnormalities, as well as increasing testosterone levels in testes during the time course postexposure. Serum level of luteinizing hormone was significantly depleted only after BD50 exposure. Moreover, we observed that exposure to BD50 significantly increased sperm DNA fragmentation and the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and testes on Day 7 postexposure when compared with D100. Histological evaluation of testes sections from BD50 exposure indicated more noticeable interstitial edema, degenerating spermatocytes, and dystrophic seminiferous tubules with arrested spermatogenesis. Significant differences in the level of oxidative stress assessed by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and depletion of glutathione were detected on exposure to respirable BD50 and D100. Taken together, these results indicate that exposure of mice to inhalable BD50 caused more pronounced adverse effects on male reproductive function than diesel.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
          Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
          Wiley
          08936692
          March 2015
          March 2015
          October 18 2014
          : 56
          : 2
          : 265-276
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Pathology and Physiology Research Branch; and Exposure Assessment Branch, HELD, NIOSH; Morgantown West Virginia
          [2 ]Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
          [3 ]Department of Environmental and Occupational Health; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
          [4 ]Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, NIOSH; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
          [5 ]Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; West Virginia University; Morgantown West Virginia
          Article
          10.1002/em.21915
          4946425
          25327512
          0e840efc-8c61-4f3e-b2db-d255ab4bd9fe
          © 2014

          http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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