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      Ocorrência da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) em crianças respiradoras orais Translated title: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in mouth breathing children

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          Abstract

          É bem estabelecido que a respiração oral em crianças está relacionada à hipertrofia adenoamigdaliana, que é a principal causa de apneia do sono nesta população. Apesar da importância deste tema, há poucos estudos que comprovam a relação entre SAOS e respiração oral. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de distúrbios respiratórios do sono em crianças respiradoras orais e sua correlação com achados otorrinolaringológicos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 248 prontuários de crianças respiradoras orais do serviço de Otorrinolaringologia Pediátrica de uma grande instituição entre 2000 e 2006, analisando os achados otorrinolaringológicos, polissonografia, nasofibroscopia e/ou radiografia em perfil do Cavum. O principal dado polissonográfico utilizado foi o índice de apneia (IA). Classificou-se como ronco primário aqueles com IA< 1 e como SAOS, os com IA >1. Desenho Científico: Coorte retrospectivo. RESULTADOS: Dos 248 pacientes incluídos, 144 (58%) apresentavam ronco primário e 104 (42%) apresentavam SAOS. Os achados otorrinolaringológicos mais frequentes foram Hipertrofia adenoamigdaliana (n=152; 61,2%), Hipertrofia de tonsila palatina (n=17; 6,8%) Hipertrofia da tonsila faríngea (n=37; 14,9%), Rinite Alérgica (n=155; 62,5%) e Otite Secretora (36; 14,5%). CONCLUSÕES: Ronco Primário e SAOS são frequentes em crianças respiradoras orais. A afecção otorrinolaringológica mais encontrada em crianças com SAOS é a hipertrofia adenoamigdaliana acompanhada ou não de rinite alérgica.

          Translated abstract

          It is well known that mouth breathing is associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy - which is the main cause of obstructive sleep apnea among children. Despite the importance of this matter, there are only a handful of studies showing the relationship between OSAS and mouth breathing. AIM: to determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep disorders in mouth breathing children and study its correlation with otorhinolaryngological findings. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHOD: Data analysis from 248 medical charts of mouth breathing children seen at the Pediatric Otolaryngologic Division of a large medical institution between the years of 2000 and 2006. All patients had nasofibroscopy and or Cavum radiographs and polysomnographic exams. According to the Apnea index, patients were classified as primary snorers (AI<1); and as OSAS (>1). RESULTS: From 248 patients included in the study, 144 (58%) were primary snorers and 104 (42%) had OSAS. The most prevalent otorhinolaryngological findings were adenotonsillar hypertrophy (n=152; 61.2%), tonsilar hypertrophy (n=17; 6.8%), adenoid hypertrophy (n=37; 14.9%), rhinitis (n=155; 62.5%) and secretory otitis (n=36; 14.5%). CONCLUSIONS: primary snoring and OSAS are frequent findings in mouth breathing children. The most frequent otorhinolaryngological disorder in children with OSAS is adenotonsillar hypertrophy with or without rhinitis.

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          Most cited references28

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          Sleep-disordered breathing and school performance in children.

          D Gozal (1998)
          To assess the impact of sleep-associated gas exchange abnormalities (SAGEA) on school academic performance in children. Prospective study. Urban public elementary schools. Two hundred ninety-seven first-grade children whose school performance was in the lowest 10th percentile of their class ranking. Children were screened for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome at home using a detailed parental questionnaire and a single night recording of pulse oximetry and transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide. If SAGEA was diagnosed, parents were encouraged to seek medical intervention for SAGEA. School grades of all participating children for the school year preceding and after the overnight study were obtained. SAGEA was identified in 54 children (18.1%). Of these, 24 underwent surgical tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (TR), whereas in the remaining 30 children, parents elected not to seek any therapeutic intervention (NT). Overall mean grades during the second grade increased from 2.43 +/- 0.17 (SEM) to 2.87 +/- 0.19 in TR, although no significant changes occurred in NT (2.44 +/- 0.13 to 2.46 +/- 0.15). Similarly, no academic improvements occurred in children without SAGEA. SAGEA is frequently present in poorly performing first-grade students in whom it adversely affects learning performance. The data suggest that a subset of children with behavioral and learning disabilities could have SAGEA and may benefit from prospective medical evaluation and treatment.
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            Standards and indications for cardiopulmonary sleep studies in children

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              Pediatric sleep disorders: new developments and evolving understanding.

              Disorders of sleep in children are distinctly different from sleep disorders in adults. Since children are forced to constantly learn and adapt, the effects of disordered sleep may be more profound. This paper reviews the disorders of sleep that are most significant in each of the stages of development from infancy to adulthood. Recent literature pertaining to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of sudden infant death syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children are highlighted. In addition, recent literature on the relationship of behavior and learning problems to sleep disorders is examined.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bjorl
                Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
                Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol.
                Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervicofacial (São Paulo )
                1808-8686
                October 2010
                : 76
                : 5
                : 552-556
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1808-86942010000500003
                10.1590/S1808-86942010000500003
                0edabd3c-0603-4cab-bb34-9a2189db479c

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1808-8694&lng=en
                Categories
                OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

                Otolaryngology
                sleep apnea,children,polysomnography,prevalence,mouth breathing,snoring,apneia do sono,crianças,polissonografia,prevalência,respiração bucal,ronco

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