Fermented <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> could promote the liver and intestinal health of juvenile tiger grouper ( <i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i>)

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Abstract

In order to understand the effects of fermented Astragalus membranaceus (FAM) on the liver and intestinal health of tiger grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), this study was conducted. This study evaluates the effects of different levels of FAM on liver and intestinal tissue structure, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal digestive enzyme, and microbiota structure of tiger grouper. Fish were fed with diets (crude protein ≥ 48.0%, crude fat ≥ 10.0%) with five levels of FAM (L1:0.25%, L2: 0.5%, L3: 1%, L4: 2% and L5: 4%) in the experimental groups and a regular diet was used as the control (L0: 0%) for 8 weeks. Compared with AM, the protein content of FAM was significantly changed by 34.70%, indicating that a large amount of bacterial protein was produced after AM fermentation, and its nutritional value was improved. FAM had significant effects on the growth performance of tiger grouper ( p < 0.05). The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was highest in L4 group, being significantly different from L0 group. The area and diameter of hepatocytes were lowest in L3 and L4, and the density of hepatocyte was highest in L4 group and relatively decreased in L5 group. The mucosal height and muscular thickness were highest in L3 group. The intestinal microbiota structure of tiger grouper was changed under the intervention of FAM. The lower abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria and higher abundance of probiotics colonization in the L4 group showed that the dose of FAM had the best effect on improving the health of intestinal microbiota. This study indicates that the addition of FAM in the feed contributes to liver health, improves intestinal morphology, and regulates the intestinal microbiota of tiger grouper. The addition ratio of 1%–2% is better for intestinal and liver health, and a high addition ratio will cause liver damage. Our work will provide a reference for the addition and management of FAM in the aquaculture industry.

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UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads.

Robert C Edgar (2013)

Amplified marker-gene sequences can be used to understand microbial community structure, but they suffer from a high level of sequencing and amplification artifacts. The UPARSE pipeline reports operational taxonomic unit (OTU) sequences with ≤1% incorrect bases in artificial microbial community tests, compared with >3% incorrect bases commonly reported by other methods. The improved accuracy results in far fewer OTUs, consistently closer to the expected number of species in a community.

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UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection

Robert Edgar, Brian Haas, Jose C. Clemente … (2011)

Motivation: Chimeric DNA sequences often form during polymerase chain reaction amplification, especially when sequencing single regions (e.g. 16S rRNA or fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer) to assess diversity or compare populations. Undetected chimeras may be misinterpreted as novel species, causing inflated estimates of diversity and spurious inferences of differences between populations. Detection and removal of chimeras is therefore of critical importance in such experiments. Results: We describe UCHIME, a new program that detects chimeric sequences with two or more segments. UCHIME either uses a database of chimera-free sequences or detects chimeras de novo by exploiting abundance data. UCHIME has better sensitivity than ChimeraSlayer (previously the most sensitive database method), especially with short, noisy sequences. In testing on artificial bacterial communities with known composition, UCHIME de novo sensitivity is shown to be comparable to Perseus. UCHIME is >100× faster than Perseus and >1000× faster than ChimeraSlayer. Contact: robert@drive5.com Availability: Source, binaries and data: http://drive5.com/uchime. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Evidence for a core gut microbiota in the zebrafish.

Guus Roeselers, Erika K Mittge, W Stephens … (2011)

Experimental analysis of gut microbial communities and their interactions with vertebrate hosts is conducted predominantly in domesticated animals that have been maintained in laboratory facilities for many generations. These animal models are useful for studying coevolved relationships between host and microbiota only if the microbial communities that occur in animals in lab facilities are representative of those that occur in nature. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequence-based comparisons of gut bacterial communities in zebrafish collected recently from their natural habitat and those reared for generations in lab facilities in different geographic locations. Patterns of gut microbiota structure in domesticated zebrafish varied across different lab facilities in correlation with historical connections between those facilities. However, gut microbiota membership in domesticated and recently caught zebrafish was strikingly similar, with a shared core gut microbiota. The zebrafish intestinal habitat therefore selects for specific bacterial taxa despite radical differences in host provenance and domestication status.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Jingru Yang: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1343890/overviewRole: Role: Role:

Shengjie Zhou: Role: Role: Role:

Zhengyi Fu: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1132812/overviewRole: Role: Role:

Bo Xiao: Role: Role:

Minghao Li: Role: Role:

Gang Yu: Role: Role:

Zhenhua Ma: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/934915/overviewRole: Role: Role:

Humin Zong: Role: Role:

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Physiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Physiol

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Physiol.

Title: Frontiers in Physiology

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 1664-042X

Publication date (Electronic): 13 September 2023

Publication date Collection: 2023

Volume: 14

Electronic Location Identifier: 1264208

Affiliations

[1] ¹ Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province , Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute , Sanya, China

[2] ² South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Guangzhou, China

[3] ³ College of Science and Engineering , Flinders University , Adelaide, SA, Australia

[4] ⁴ National Marine Environmental Center , Dalian, China

Author notes

Edited by: Zhen Zhang, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Reviewed by: Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran

Qinghui Ai, Ocean University of China, China

*Correspondence: Zhenhua Ma, zhenhua.ma@ 123456scsfri.ac.cn ; Humin Zong, hmzong@ 123456nmemc.org.cn

[ † ]

These authors have contributed equally to this work

Article

Publisher ID: 1264208

DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1264208

PMC ID: 10534042

PubMed ID: 37781230

SO-VID: 0fdd6840-bfb5-4863-9a7e-9497a286a8c7

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 20 July 2023

Date accepted : 01 September 2023

Funding

The authors declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS (2020XT0602, 2020TD55); Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS (2021SD09); The earmarked fund for Agriculture Research System in Hainan Province (HNARS 2022-03-Z2); The National Key R&D Program of China (grant number 2019YFD0900800).

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section-at-acceptance Aquatic Physiology

ScienceOpen disciplines: Anatomy & Physiology

Keywords: feed additives,chinese herbal medicine,probiotics fermentation,histology,intestinal microbiota,astragalus membranaceus

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Anatomy & Physiology

Keywords: feed additives, chinese herbal medicine, probiotics fermentation, histology, intestinal microbiota, astragalus membranaceus

Fermented Astragalus membranaceus could promote the liver and intestinal health of juvenile tiger grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)

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Abstract

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In vitro alveolar region models

Most cited references 109

UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads.

UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection

Evidence for a core gut microbiota in the zebrafish.

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